Vanadium-phosphorus-oxygen industrial catalysts for C/sub 4/ hydrocarbon selective oxidation to maleic anhydride
The selective oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride by vanadium-phosphorus-oxygen (V-P-O) industrial catalysts varying in P-to-V ratio has been studied in a fixed bed integral reactor system. Catalyst characterization studies including x-ray diffraction, laser Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, and BET surface area measurements were used. A strong effect of P-to-V synthesis ratio on catalyst structure, catalyst morphology, vanadium oxidation state, and reactivity in n-butane selective oxidation was observed. A slight ''excess'' of catalyst phosphorus (P/V = 1.1 catalyst) was found to stabilize an active and selective (VO)/sub 2/P/sub 2/O/sub 7/ phase. The mechanism of n-butane selective oxidation to maleic anhydride was studied by in situ infrared spectroscopy using n-butane, 1-butene, 1,3-butadiene, crotyl alcohol, maleic acid, crotonic acid, and maleic anhydride feeds. During paraffin selective oxidation, highly reactive olefin species and maleic acid were observed on the surfaces of V-P-O catalysts. Further evidence in support of conjugated or possibly strained olefin and maleic acid reaction intermediates in n-butane and 1-butene partial oxidation to maleic anhydride was gathered.
- Research Organization:
- Ames Lab., IA (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-82
- OSTI ID:
- 6421400
- Report Number(s):
- IS-T-1313; ON: DE87010937
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
360603 -- Materials-- Properties
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
400201* -- Chemical & Physicochemical Properties
ALKANES
ALKENES
ANHYDRIDES
BUTADIENE
BUTANE
BUTENES
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
CATALYSTS
CATALYTIC EFFECTS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS
DIENES
HYDROCARBONS
INFRARED SPECTRA
KINETICS
MALEIC ACID
ORGANIC ACIDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXIDATION
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS
PHOSPHORUS OXIDES
POLYENES
REACTION KINETICS
SPECTRA
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
VANADIUM COMPOUNDS
VANADIUM OXIDES