Cover crops in apple orchards on arsenic toxic soils
The cause of decline in growth of alfalfa cover crops in apple orchards is discussed. Lead arsenate sprays have been used extensively as the chief insecticide for codling moth control where apple growers applied an average of 6 or more cover sprays per season in heavily infested orchards. Much of this fell to the ground and accumulated in the surface soil. Ten years of spraying often resulted in the accumulation of approximately 4,500 pounds of lead arsenate per acre in the surface 6 inches of soil. The effects of lead and fluorine, as well as arsenate are presented in relation to injury to plant growth. It has been shown that legumes, especially alfalfa, have a low arsenic tolerance. Heavy applications of aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and zinc sulfate are partially effective in establishing alfalfa as a cover crop in toxic soils.
- Research Organization:
- Tree Fruit Experiment Station, Wenatchee, WA
- OSTI ID:
- 6333952
- Journal Information:
- Bull., Wash. Agric. Exp. Stn.; (United States), Journal Name: Bull., Wash. Agric. Exp. Stn.; (United States) Vol. 514; ISSN WUIBA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
Terrestrial-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
560303* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology-- Plants-- (-1987)
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ALFALFA
ALUMINIUM COMPOUNDS
ALUMINIUM SULFATES
ANIMALS
APPLES
ARSENATES
ARSENIC COMPOUNDS
ARTHROPODS
CODLING MOTH
ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION
ELEMENTS
FLUORINE
FOOD
FRUITS
GROWTH
HALOGENS
INSECTICIDES
INSECTS
INVERTEBRATES
IRON COMPOUNDS
LEAD COMPOUNDS
LEGUMINOSAE
LEPIDOPTERA
MOTHS
NONMETALS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PESTICIDES
PLANT GROWTH
PLANTS
SENSITIVITY
SOILS
SULFATES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
TOXICITY
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
USES
ZINC COMPOUNDS
ZINC SULFATES