Planning studies for measurement of chemical emissions in stack gases of coal-fired power plants. Final report
Airborne emissions from coal-fired power plants consist of sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon oxides, as well as traces of certain metals or elements, radionuclides, and organic compounds that have the potential of producing adverse health effects if inhaled. To assess this potential toxicity, samples must be obtained and characterized on the basis of quantity, their chemistry, and toxicity. Sample representativeness and use of proper chemical-biological procedures are the critical for providing input into current research directed toward source apportionment and inhalation toxicology. Obtaining a valid stack sample (gases and particles) from each of more than 1500 US coal-fired power plant is not practical; consequently 33 plants have been selected, taking into account plant design and operating parameters that can affect the characteristics of stack chemical emissions. Since such a program has an estimated cost of $20 million over many years, it is recommended that the initial program consists of sampling only six of the 33 units, selected with EPRI guidance, at an estimated cost of $3.5 million over a 30 month period. The plan is directed at in-stack sampling, plume and atmospheric transformations being beyond the project scope. Various stack sampling methods are considered. For particles, a modified SASS train seems best, and for gases, either resin traps or impingers are probably best. Artifact formation must be minimized. Chemical analysis procedures are to be guided by the known toxicity of species present. Procedures are outlined for organics (volatile and nonvolatile), trace elements, inorganics, and gases. Bioassay methods are restricted to in vitro, subdivided into those assays that detect genetic and direct cellular toxicity.
- Research Organization:
- Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL (USA); Battelle Columbus Labs., OH (USA); Roth Associates, Inc., Rockville, MD (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 6314060
- Report Number(s):
- EPRI-EA-2892; ON: DE83901989
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
AIR POLLUTION
HEALTH HAZARDS
REVIEWS
TOXICITY
AIR QUALITY
STANDARDS
EXPERIMENT PLANNING
FLUE GAS
SAMPLING
STACK DISPOSAL
FLY ASH
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
FOSSIL-FUEL POWER PLANTS
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
EMISSION
EVALUATION
BIOASSAY
CARBON OXIDES
CARCINOGENS
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
ELEMENTS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROFLUORIC ACID
INHALATION
LEAD
MUTAGEN SCREENING
MUTAGENS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN OXIDES
NUMERICAL DATA
PARTICLES
PHENOLS
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
RADIOACTIVITY
RADIOISOTOPES
RADIUM
SITE SELECTION
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
THORIUM
TRACE AMOUNTS
URANIUM
USA
ACTINIDES
AEROSOL WASTES
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
AROMATICS
ASHES
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CHALCOGENIDES
CONTROL
DATA
DOCUMENT TYPES
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
GASEOUS WASTES
HAZARDS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
INFORMATION
INORGANIC ACIDS
INTAKE
ISOTOPES
MANAGEMENT
METALS
NORTH AMERICA
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PLANNING
POLLUTION
POLLUTION CONTROL
POWER PLANTS
RESIDUES
SCREENING
THERMAL POWER PLANTS
WASTE DISPOSAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTES
200202* - Fossil-Fueled Power Plants- Waste Management- Noxious Gas & Particulate Emissions
500200 - Environment
Atmospheric- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)