Evaluation of factors affecting the solidification/stabilization of heavy metal sludge. Final report
Solidification/stabilization of hazardous waste involves mixing the waste with a binder material to enhance the physical properties of the waste and to immobilize contaminants that may be detrimental to the environment. Many hazardous wastes contain materials that are known to inhibit the setting and strength development properties of cement and pozzolan binding agents commonly used in solidification/stabilization processes. This study presents the results of an evaluation into the effects of ten interfering substances (oil, grease, lead, copper, zinc, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfate, phenol, trichloroethylene, and hexachlorobenzene) on the physical and contaminant mobility properties of a solidified/stabilized heavy metal sludge. Three binder materials (Portland cement, lime/fly ash, and cement/fly ash) were used to solidify/stabilize a synthetic metal plating waste sludge containing substantial concentrations of four metals (cadmium, chromium, nickel, and mercury). The effects of these interfering materials were evaluated using five physical tests: unconfined compressive strength (UCS), cone index, bulk density, wet/dry cycling, and permeability. Contaminant leaching properties were evaluated using the US Environmental Protection Agency's Extraction Procedure test. Microchemical/micromorphological analyses were also performed on the treated sludges.... Cement, Metals, Fixation, Pozzolan, Hazardous waste, Solidification, Heavy metals, Stabilization, Interferences.
- Research Organization:
- Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS (United States). Environmental Lab.
- OSTI ID:
- 6300982
- Report Number(s):
- AD-A-264128/0/XAB; WES/TR/EL--93-4
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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AEROSOL WASTES
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS
ALKENES
AROMATICS
ASHES
BINDERS
BUILDING MATERIALS
BULK DENSITY
CADMIUM
CALCIUM COMPOUNDS
CALCIUM OXIDES
CARBONATE ROCKS
CEMENTS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHROMIUM
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
COPPER
DATA
DENSITY
DEPOSITION
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DISSOLUTION
ELEMENTS
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
ETHYLENE
EVALUATED DATA
EXTRACTION
FLY ASH
GOVERNMENT POLICIES
GREASES
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
INFORMATION
LEACHING
LEAD
LIMESTONE
LUBRICANTS
MANAGEMENT
MATERIALS
MERCURY
METALS
MIXING
MOBILITY
NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
NICKEL
NORTH AMERICA
NUMERICAL DATA
OILS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PERMEABILITY
PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
PHENOL
PHENOLS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
PLATING
PORTLAND CEMENT
PROCESSING
RESEARCH PROGRAMS
RESIDUES
ROCKS
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SLUDGES
SODIUM COMPOUNDS
SODIUM SULFATES
SOLID WASTES
SOLIDIFICATION
STABILIZATION
SULFATES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
SURFACE COATING
TRACE AMOUNTS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
US EPA
US ORGANIZATIONS
USA
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTE PROCESSING
WASTES
ZINC