Chemistry of the Transactinide Elements

Conference · Sun Apr 01 00:00:00 EST 1990

OSTI ID:6269612

Hoffman, Darleane C. ^[1]

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1. University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

The investigation of the chemical properties of the transactinide elements is particularly exciting because of the possibility that relativistic effects may alter the relative stability of the 7s, 6d, 7p valence electrons to such an extent that other oxidation states than those expected from simple extrapolation may be stabilized and the ionic radii may even be affected. In a recent review of relativistic effects in structural chemistry, Pyykkoe has stated that for the 6s of Au or the 6p electrons of Tl the relativistic change of the atomic potential is less important than the direct dynamical effect on the valence electrons. Further, the p, d, and f electrons (which never come close to the nucleus) will be affected due to more efficient screening from the nuclear charge because of the relativistic contraction of the s and p orbitals. Thus, these orbitals will increase in energy and extend outward radially. In summary, the primary relativistic effects on the atomic orbitals are: (1) contraction of the radius and energetic stabilization of s and p shells; (2) spin-orbit splitting of the l>0 orbitals; (3) increased radii and energetic destabilization of the outer d and all f orbitals. All of these effects are believed by Pyykkoe to be of the same order of magnitude and will increase approximately as Z².

• Research Organization: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division (CSGB)
• DOE Contract Number: AC03-76SF00098
• OSTI ID: 6269612
• Report Number(s): LBL-29815; CONF-9010297-3; ON: DE91009738
• Resource Relation: Conference: 34. Robert A. Welch Foundation Conference on Chemical Research: Fifty Years with Transuranium Elements, Houston, TX (United States), 22-23 Oct 1990
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
ELEMENT 104
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
ELEMENT 104 CHLORIDES
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
TRANS 104 ELEMENTS
AMINES
ATOMIC MODELS
RELATIVITY THEORY
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
TBP
VALENCE
BUTYL PHOSPHATES
CHLORIDES
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
ELEMENT 104 COMPOUNDS
ELEMENTS
ESTERS
EXTRACTION
FIELD THEORIES
GENERAL RELATIVITY THEORY
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS
PHOSPHORIC ACID ESTERS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
TRANSPLUTONIUM COMPOUNDS
TRANSPLUTONIUM ELEMENTS
TRANSURANIUM COMPOUNDS
TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS
400702* - Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry- Properties of Radioactive Materials