Assessment of mutagenic damage by monofunctional alkylating agents and gamma radiation in haploid and diploid frogs, Xenopus laevis
Adult male South African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis, were mutagenized by 3-day immersion in aqueous solutions of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), diethyl nitrosamine (DEN), or ethyl nitrosourea (ENU), or by acute exposure to gamma radiation. They were then spawned repeatedly at 2-week intervals with untreated females, and embryonic survival of the progeny was used to assess genetic damage. Recessive lethal effects were assessed from reduced survival of androgenetic haploid progeny. Neither recessive nor dominant lethal effects were obtained after exposure to 100 mg/liter EMS or 2 g/liter DEN. At 250 mg/liter EMS, peak dominant lethality occurred 3-5 weeks after treatment. Most embryos hatched, but many were abnormal and died shortly after hatching. Haploid survival was significantly reduced over a broader period, from 1 to 13 weeks after mutagenesis. Treatment with 75 mg/liter ENU produced effects similar to the 250-mg/liter EMS mutagenesis. At 400 mg/liter EMS, the frequency and severity of the effects on both diploid and haploid embryos were increased over the lower dose. Gamma irradiation at 1500 R produced effects similar to the 400-mg/liter mutagenesis, except that peak dominant lethality extended from 1 to 7 weeks.
- Research Organization:
- IEC Beak Consultants, Ltd, Mississauga, Ontario
- OSTI ID:
- 6268071
- Journal Information:
- Environ. Mutagen.; (United States), Journal Name: Environ. Mutagen.; (United States) Vol. 6:5; ISSN ENMUD
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
560305 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology-- Vertebrates-- (-1987)
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ALKYLATING AGENTS
AMINES
AMPHIBIANS
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS
DATA
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
EMBRYOS
EMS
ESTERS
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
FROGS
GAMMA RADIATION
GENETIC EFFECTS
GENETIC RADIATION EFFECTS
INFORMATION
IONIZING RADIATIONS
MUTAGENESIS
MUTAGENS
NITROSAMINES
NITROSO COMPOUNDS
NITROSOUREAS
NUMERICAL DATA
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS
RADIATION EFFECTS
RADIATIONS
SULFONIC ACID ESTERS
VERTEBRATES