Comparative solubility and acute toxicity to Daphnia magna of coal liquids, shale oil and petroleum
Evaluating toxicity of complex organic mixtures to aquatic biota involves generating and characterizing water-soluble fractions (WSF) of test materials. Depending on the mixture, WSFs may contain several biologically active compound classes including phenolics, aromatic and saturate hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, sulfur heterocycles and others. Although some components (e.g. phenolics) may predominate, each contributes to overall toxicity. We studied the relationships among solubility, chemical composition and acute toxicity of several fossil-derived materials. These included coal liquids with different boiling ranges, coal liquids produced by different technological processes and under different process conditions, coal liquids derived from different source coals, a shale oil and, crude and refined petroleum. Results indicated that concentrations of water-soluble components varied with component solubility and chemical composition of parent material, provided that mixing conditions were similar. Acute toxicity to Daphnia magna reflected solubility of chemical components and, in most cases, could be predicted from concentrations of total carbon in solution. Coal liquids were generally more soluble in water than shale oil and petroleum materials and, thus, posed a greater potential toxic hazard to aquatic biota. Lower boiling range coal liquids were most soluble, and thus, posed the greatest acute hazard in water. Coal type had little influence on acute toxicity of coal liquid WSFs to D. magna. 20 references, 1 figure, 1 table.
- Research Organization:
- Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC06-76RL01830
- OSTI ID:
- 6266404
- Report Number(s):
- PNL-SA-12427; CONF-8411123-1; ON: DE85003637
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
ARTHROPODS
BOILING POINTS
BRANCHIOPODS
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
COAL LIQUEFACTION
COAL LIQUIDS
CRUSTACEANS
DAPHNIA
DATA
ENERGY SOURCES
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
EXXON LIQUEFACTION PROCESS
FLUIDS
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
INFORMATION
INVERTEBRATES
LIQUEFACTION
LIQUIDS
MINERAL OILS
NUMERICAL DATA
OILS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PETROLEUM
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SHALE OIL
SOLUBILITY
SRC-II PROCESS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
TOXICITY
TRANSITION TEMPERATURE