Nitrous oxide sampling, analysis, and emission measurements from various combustion systems
- Technical Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby (Denmark)
Nitrous oxide (N[sub 2]O) emissions from various combustion systems was measured by use of two analytical methods, the performance of which was evaluated together with the sampling procedures. One analytical method is grab sampling followed by analysis by gaschromatography (GC). This procedure was found to give accurate results, provided SO[sub 2] and H[sub 2]O were removed during sampling in order to avoid N[sub 2]O formation in the sample. An evaluation of a continuous infrared N[sub 2]O analyzer shows that it is a useful instrument if measures are taken to eliminate or adjust for interferences from CH[sub 4], SO[sub 2], H[sub 2]O and to a minor extent also from NH[sub 3]. A considerable formation of N[sub 2]O was found when a gas containing SO[sub 2] and NO was scrubbed in a weak acid solution. The sampling program from a variety of combustion systems reveals that N[sub 2]O emissions usually are low (0-5 ppm) from the combustion of pulverized coal. The results from a gas turbine, a laboratory gas-fired fiber burner, and a domestic oil combustor are also in the very low range, whereas emissions from combustion of straw or wood were slightly higher. Even higher emissions were observed from circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC), from which the level of emissions increased with decreasing combustion temperature and increasing excess air levels. Sampling inside the CFBC reactor showed that N[sub 2]O formation is particularly rapid at the transition from reducing to oxidizing conditions at the secondary air inlet. Pilot plant experiments with the selective non-catalytic reduction of NO by urea or ammonia resulted in a large increase in N[sub 2]O emissions during the injection of urea, whereas almost no increase was found during the injection of ammonia. 31 refs., 10 figs., 2 tabs.
- OSTI ID:
- 6263199
- Journal Information:
- Environmental Progress; (United States), Vol. 11:4; ISSN 0278-4491
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
AMMONIA
INJECTION
COMBUSTORS
EVALUATION
PERFORMANCE TESTING
NITROUS OXIDE
EMISSION
SAMPLING
POWER PLANTS
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
UREA
COAL
COMBUSTION
FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTION
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
GAS TURBINES
STRAW
WOOD
AMIDES
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CARBONIC ACID DERIVATIVES
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
CONTROL
ENERGY SOURCES
EQUIPMENT
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
HYDRIDES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INTAKE
MACHINERY
MATERIALS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN HYDRIDES
NITROGEN OXIDES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
OXIDATION
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION CONTROL
SEPARATION PROCESSES
TESTING
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
TURBINES
TURBOMACHINERY
200202* - Fossil-Fueled Power Plants- Waste Management- Noxious Gas & Particulate Emissions
540120 - Environment
Atmospheric- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (1990-)