Final report on the toxicological testing of groundwaters affected by underground coal gasification
The effectiveness of several wastewater treatment processes for removing toxic constituents from UCG-affected groundwater was evaluated using the MICROTOX assay and the Ceriodaphnia affinis/dubia acute toxicity test. The treatment processes evaluated were reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and activated carbon adsorption combined with microporous filtration. Two UCG-affected groundwaters were used during this study. The first, Hanna groundwater, was collected five years after completion of a UCG operation at Hanna, Wyoming, and contained elevated concentrations of inorganic contaminants. The second, a simulated UCG-affected groundwater, was synthesized from Hanna groundwater and a UCG condensate water. It contained elevated concentrations of both inorganic and organic contaminants. The untreated Hanna groundwater was not acutely toxic to either of the test organisms used in this study, though Hanna groundwater treated by reverse osmosis was toxic to both. The toxicity of the treated water was attributed to copper and zinc contamination that occurred during the treatment process. The simulated UCG-affected groundwater was toxic to both test organisms. Phenolic compounds were primarily responsible for the toxicity to the MICROTOX organism; un-ionized ammonia was primarily responsible for the toxicity to Ceriodaphnia. Carbon adsorption combined with microporous filtration was more effective than ultrafiltration for removing organic carbon from the simulated UCG-affected groundwater; however, neither of these treatment processes removed ammonia. Thus, carbon adsorption combined with microporous filtration was more effective than ultrafiltration for reducing the toxicity of the simulated UCG-affected groundwater to the MICROTOX organism, but neither treatment was effective for reducing toxicity to Ceriodaphnia. 17 refs., 1 fig., 10 tabs.
- Research Organization:
- Western Research Inst., Laramie, WY (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- FC21-83FE60177
- OSTI ID:
- 6259749
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/FE/60177-2428; ON: DE88000288
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
010404* -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Gasification
ACTIVATED CARBON
ADSORBENTS
ADSORPTION
AMMONIA
AROMATICS
CARBON
COAL GASIFICATION
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
DIFFUSION
ELEMENTS
FIELD TESTS
FILTRATION
GASIFICATION
GROUND WATER
HYDRIDES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
IN-SITU GASIFICATION
IN-SITU PROCESSING
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN HYDRIDES
NONMETALS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OSMOSIS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHENOLS
POLLUTION
PROCESSING
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SIMULATION
SORPTION
TESTING
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
TOXICITY
ULTRAFILTRATION
WATER
WATER POLLUTION
WATER TREATMENT