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Mass-producible microtags for security applications: calculated fabrication tolerances by rigorous coupled-wave analysis

Journal Article · · Optical Engineering
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1117/1.601961· OSTI ID:624756
 [1]; ;  [2]
  1. University of Arizona, Optical Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona85721 (United States) michael.descour (at) opt-sci.arizona.edu
  2. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico87185, and Livermore, California94550 (United States)

We develop a method for encoding phase and amplitude in microscopic computer-generated holograms (microtags) for security applications. An 8{times}8 cell phase-only and an 8{times}8 cell phase-and-amplitude microtag design are fabricated in photoresist using an extreme ultraviolet (13.4-nm) lithography (EUVL) tool. Each microtag measures 80{times}160{mu}m and contains features 0.2 {mu}m wide. Fraunhofer-zone diffraction patterns can be obtained from fabricated microtags without any intervening optics and compare very favorably with predicted diffraction patterns [Descour {ital et al.} (1996)]. We present the results of a rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) of microtags. Microtags are modeled as consisting of subwavelength gratings of a trapezoidal profile. Transverse-electric (TE) and TM readout polarizations are modeled. The analysis concerns the determination of optimal microtag-grating design parameter values and tolerances on those parameters. The parameters are grating wall-slope angle, grating duty cycle, grating depth, and metal coating thickness. Optimal microtag-grating parameter values result in maximum diffraction efficiency, which is calculated at 16{percent} for microtag gratings in air and 12{percent} for microtag gratings underneath a protective dielectric coating, within fabrication constraints. TM-polarized readout illumination is diffracted with higher efficiency than TE-polarized illumination by microtag gratings. {copyright} {ital 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.}{ital Key words:} computer-generated holograms; security and anticounterfeiting devices; grating fabrication tolerances; rigorous coupled-wave analysis. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers}

Research Organization:
Sandia National Laboratory
DOE Contract Number:
AC04-94AL85000
OSTI ID:
624756
Journal Information:
Optical Engineering, Journal Name: Optical Engineering Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 37; ISSN 0091-3286; ISSN OPEGAR
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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