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Temperature limitations of alkaline-battery electrodes. Part 1. The electrochemical kinetic behavior of iron, nickel, and zinc in concentrated sodium hydroxide solutions. Final report

Technical Report ·
OSTI ID:6237241
;
The electrochemical kinetic properties of the metals iron, nickel, and zinc have been studied in concentrated electrolyte, in the temperature range -20/sup 0/ to 120/sup 0/C. Three electrolyte concentrations have been examined for iron and nickel, corresponding to 20, 24, and 28 wt % NaOH. Zinc has been studied in detail only in the highest concentration. The principal tools and methods used in this study were single and repetitive sweep voltammetry, potential step and potential sweep coulometry, and the use of rotating ring disk electrodes. From a comprehensive survey of the dependence of cyclic voltammagrams on the potential sweep rate, we have been able to document the kinetic limitations imposed by Ni and Fe electrodes as a function of temperature. The major temperature limitations found are associated principally with irreversible electrode reactions; electrode dissolution (Fe and Zn), electrolysis (Fe and Ni), and irreversible components of film growth (Fe and Ni). In addition, Zn was found to undergo a temperature-dependent passivation process, which results in current oscillation under high load conditions.
Research Organization:
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA (USA)
DOE Contract Number:
AC01-78ET25425
OSTI ID:
6237241
Report Number(s):
DOE/ET/25425-T1; ON: DE81027235
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
250903* -- Energy Storage-- Batteries-- Materials
Components
& Auxiliaries
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
CHARGE STATE
CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS
CHEMISTRY
CURRENTS
DISSOLUTION
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
ELECTRIC CURRENTS
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
ELECTRODES
ELECTROLYSIS
ELECTROLYTES
ELEMENTS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROXIDES
IRON
KINETICS
LYSIS
METALS
NICKEL
OSCILLATIONS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PASSIVATION
QUANTITY RATIO
REACTION KINETICS
SODIUM COMPOUNDS
SODIUM HYDROXIDES
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
VOLTAMETRY
ZINC