Electrochemical transport of manganese between the flux and the weld metal in submerged arc welding
Submerged arc welds were made using a SiO/sub 2/-CaO-CaF/sub 2/MnO flux containing 20 w/o MnO, 15 w/o CaF/sub 2/, and SiO/sub 2/ to CaO ratios that varied from 5.5 to 1.17; the slags formed from this flux system show good detachability and the welds produced have good bead morphology. The effect of dilution was eliminated by drawing the filler metal from the same material as the base plate. The welding parameters were the same for all welds and two polarities were used. The stability of the arc was also monitored and found to be stable, but more so for the reverse polarity welds. Chemical analyses were performed on flux, slag, and weld samples. The manganese content in the weld metal increases for all the fluxes, with the increases being larger the smaller the silica to calcium oxide ratio. This behavior can be explained by thermodynamically driven kinetic factors since, in this composition range, the activity of the manganese oxide increases with a decrease in the SiO/sub 2//CaO ratio. When the SiO/sub 2//CaO ratio is smaller than about 2.25, the manganese content in the welds made with reverse polarity is higher than those made with straight polarity. This difference in the manganese level is explained in terms of an electrochemical mechanism. 13 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-31109-ENG-38
- OSTI ID:
- 6194035
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-8905118-9; ON: DE89012419
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: 2. international conference on trends in welding research, Gatlinburg, TN, USA, 15 May 1989; Other Information: Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
CALCIUM FLUORIDES
SUBMERGED ARC WELDING
CALCIUM OXIDES
MANGANESE
ATOM TRANSPORT
MANGANESE OXIDES
SILICON OXIDES
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
METALLURGICAL FLUX
SLAGS
ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS
ARC WELDING
CALCIUM COMPOUNDS
CALCIUM HALIDES
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMISTRY
ELEMENTS
FABRICATION
FLUORIDES
FLUORINE COMPOUNDS
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
JOINING
MANGANESE COMPOUNDS
METALS
NEUTRAL-PARTICLE TRANSPORT
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
RADIATION TRANSPORT
SILICON COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
WELDING
360201* - Ceramics
Cermets
& Refractories- Preparation & Fabrication
360601 - Other Materials- Preparation & Manufacture