Time-of-flight mass spectrometer for investigating hydrogen isotope interactions

Journal Article · Thu Sep 01 04:00:00 EDT 1988 · Fusion Technol.; (United States)

OSTI ID:6188970

Gill, J T; Watkins, D B; Rigano, J N; Clift, W A; Watkins, R A; Burwinkle, A L; Schultz, J A; Anderson, L R; Schmidt, H K

Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry/Direct Recoil (TOF SIMS/DR) techniques and apparatus are described which hold substantial promise for further understanding the behavior of hydrogen isotopes at surfaces. The analytical apparatus is interfaced to a tritium-compatible exposure cell within a glovebox by means of a vacuum load-lock. Apparatus consists of a pulse Li/sup +/ beam for H/D/T ratios (DR), a DC or pulsed Cs/sup +/ beam for sputtering or TOF/SIMS (for enhancement of negative ion yields), and a dual channel 10 MHz time-digitizing histogrammer for fast data rates. Prototype apparatus has already proved useful in understanding the rates at which hydrogen isotopes may be exchanged from material surfaces upon exposure to water vapor. An extremely fast and a second much slower process characterize the exchange at Si and stainless steel oxyhydroxide surface films. The fast process is limited by the rate at which water molecules strike the top monolayer of the surface. H/D exchange tunneling appears to be involved. The slow process appears to be the bulk diffusion-limited exchange rate within the oxyhydroxide film. Diffusion constants have been derived.

• Research Organization: Monsanto Research Corp. - Mound, Miamisburg, OH (US); Ionwerks, Inc., Houston, TX (US)
• OSTI ID: 6188970
• Journal Information: Fusion Technol.; (United States), Journal Name: Fusion Technol.; (United States) Vol. 14:2; ISSN FUSTE
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

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ALLOYS
BEAMS
BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BREEDING RATIO
CESIUM IONS
CHARGED PARTICLES
CONTAINMENT
CONTAMINATION
CONVERSION RATIO
DEUTERIUM
DIFFUSION BARRIERS
ELEMENTS
EQUIPMENT
FLUIDS
GASES
GLOVEBOXES
HIGH ALLOY STEELS
HYDROGEN
HYDROGEN ISOTOPES
INTERACTIONS
ION BEAMS
IONS
IRON ALLOYS
IRON BASE ALLOYS
ISOTOPES
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
LIGHT NUCLEI
LITHIUM IONS
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
NONMETALS
NUCLEI
ODD-EVEN NUCLEI
ODD-ODD NUCLEI
PERFORMANCE
PERMEABILITY
RADIOISOTOPES
SEMIMETALS
SILICON
SPECTROMETERS
STABLE ISOTOPES
STAINLESS STEELS
STEELS
TIME-OF-FLIGHT SPECTROMETERS
TRITIUM
VAPORS
WATER VAPOR
YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES