Ultrasonic wave propagation in temperature gradients

Journal Article · Tue Sep 01 04:00:00 EDT 1987 · J. Nondestr. Eval.; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00568010· OSTI ID:6164478

Johnson, J A; Carlson, N M; Lott, L A

Ultrasonic methods are being developed for sensing and control of high temperature material processes such as welding and solidification. One of the problems in these methods is the distortion of the sound field caused by the change in material properties due to temperature gradients. This paper describes a ray-tracing method for calculating the effects of temperature on ultrasonic propagation in such systems. In the ray-tracing method, the material is conceptually divided into a number of plane layers. The fraction at each layer boundary is calculated from Snell's law using the sound speeds determined from the temperatures of the adjacent layers. The time required for an ultrasonic pulse to traverse each layer is also calculated, allowing the determination of the total time along a particular path. The method is applied to calculating the time of arrival of echoes from various interfaces around a molten weld pool.

• Research Organization: Idaho National Engineering Lab., Idaho Falls (USA)
• OSTI ID: 6164478
• Journal Information: J. Nondestr. Eval.; (United States), Journal Name: J. Nondestr. Eval.; (United States) Vol. 6:3; ISSN JNOED
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
360101* -- Metals & Alloys-- Preparation & Fabrication
42 ENGINEERING
420500 -- Engineering-- Materials Testing
ACOUSTIC TESTING
ALLOYS
ARC WELDING
AUSTENITIC STEELS
AUTOMATION
CHROMIUM ALLOYS
CHROMIUM-NICKEL STEELS
COMPUTER CALCULATIONS
CONTROL
CORROSION RESISTANT ALLOYS
DEFECTS
FABRICATION
FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD
GAS TUNGSTEN-ARC WELDING
HEAT RESISTANT MATERIALS
HEAT RESISTING ALLOYS
HIGH ALLOY STEELS
INTERFACES
IRON ALLOYS
IRON BASE ALLOYS
ITERATIVE METHODS
JOINING
JOINTS
MATERIALS
MATERIALS TESTING
MELTING
NICKEL ALLOYS
NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING
NUMERICAL SOLUTION
PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
PROCESS CONTROL
REFLECTION
REFRACTION
SHEAR
SOUND WAVES
STAINLESS STEEL-304
STAINLESS STEELS
STEEL-CR19NI10
STEELS
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS
TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS
TESTING
ULTRASONIC TESTING
ULTRASONIC WAVES
WAVE PROPAGATION
WELDED JOINTS
WELDING
WELDING MACHINES