Study of the steam distillation of phenolic compounds using ultraviolet spectrometry
The steam distillation of 42 phenolic compounds was studied by use of a semimicro steam distillation apparatus and ultraviolet spectrometry. In the distillation, the following gave recoveries greater than 95%: phenol, 2-nitrophenol, 2-methoxyphenol, 2-bromophenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,3- and 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,5- and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,4-dibromophenol, 2-, 3-, and 4-methylphenol, 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-, and 3,5-dimethylphenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-tert-amylpheno,, thymol, and carvacrol. The percent recovery for the other phenolic compounds was as follows: 3-nitrophenol, 3.7%; 4-nitrophenol, 1.8; 3-methoxyphenol, 31.1; 4-methoxyphenol, 23.2; 3-bromophenol, 79.6; 4-bromophenol, 67.8; 3-chlorophenol, 93.5; 4-chlorophenol, 91.6; 3,4-dichlorophenol, 64.1; 2,4-dinitrophenol, 21.2; 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, 0.0; 2-aminophenol, 0.1; 3-aminophenol, 0.2; 4-aminophenol, 0.1; pyrocatechol, 1.6; resorcinol, 04.; hydroquinone, 0.0; pyrogallol, 0.7; and phloroglucinol, 0.1. By the examination of the spectra of the undistilled, distilled, and residual solutions, it is concluded that the aminophenols undergo some decomposition and the hydroquinone is almost completely destroyed during the distillation. The important role that hydrogen bonding (intermolecular and intramolecular) plays in the recovery in the steam distillation is examined. 9 references, 2 tables.
- Research Organization:
- Villanova Univ., PA
- OSTI ID:
- 6148148
- Journal Information:
- Anal. Chem.; (United States), Journal Name: Anal. Chem.; (United States) Vol. 58:3; ISSN ANCHA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Aqueous solubilities of alkylphenols and methoxyphenols at 25 C
Anaerobic biodegradation of phenolic compounds in digested sludge
Related Subjects
400301* -- Organic Chemistry-- Chemical & Physicochemical Properties-- (-1987)
AROMATICS
BOILING POINTS
CHEMICAL BONDS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
DATA
DECOMPOSITION
DISTILLATION
ELEMENTS
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
HYDROGEN
INFORMATION
MELTING POINTS
NONMETALS
NUMERICAL DATA
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SOLUBILITY
SPECTRA
STEAM
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA