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Modeling and simulation of lead-acid batteries for photovoltaic systems

Thesis/Dissertation ·
OSTI ID:6132982
In most applications of photovoltaic (PV) cells, provision must be made for storage of PV-generated electricity. At present, the most economical choice for an on-site storage medium is the lead-acid battery. Optimum sizing and utilization of the storage batteries are of vital importance. This investigation deals with the modeling and simulation of four important features of battery operation in PV systems which have heretofore been inadequately examined: temperature dependence, losses and inefficiencies, hysteresis phenomena, and lifetime during cyclic operation. In order to develop a model that includes temperature as a variable, experiments were conducted on a lead-acid battery at 0, 25, and 50/sup 0/C. The battery was subjected to cyclic operation at two current levels at each temperature. Data analysis resulted in equations for battery capacity as a function of temperature and for voltage versus state of charge, current, and temperature. These equations, together with a mathematical model for charging efficiency, were implemented in a subroutine compatible with a transient simulation program for solar energy systems. The program was used to investigate how changes in battery temperature affect PV system operation. It was found that the system performance diminishes appreciably if the batteries are not protected from low outdoor temperatures.
OSTI ID:
6132982
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English