Analysis of treated sludges and associated leachates from coal-conversion facilities
Because of the relatively large volume of solid waste which will be generated by future coal conversion facilities, adequate assessment of environmental consequences will be necessary when considering disposal options. The classification of a solid waste as to degree of hazard involves the qualitative and quantitative analysis of potentially toxic materials in the waste and, subsequently, determination of the mobility of these materials in the environment. This work has focused on the development of analytical methods for organic compounds in coal conversion solid wastes as well as the development of procedures for assessing the mobility of these compounds in the environment. Analytical methods for solid wastes and sludges may be divided into two categories: (a) extraction of organics from the sample, and (b) determination of the individual components in the extract. The method of extraction is crucial to the reliability of the analytical data. Methods such as Soxhlet extraction (1), ultrasonic extraction (2), steam distillation (3), and three-phase extraction systems have been used for the analysis of target compounds in solid wastes. All have limitations, in terms of recovery and/or discrimination of certain classes of compounds. None are capable of recovering volatile components. Determination of the individual components of the extracts - once obtained - can be made by any of several well established techniques: open-tubular GC, GC/MS, HPLC, etc. Assessing the mobility of organic components of solid wastes requires the analysis of low-boiling constituents which might be mobilized into the atmosphere. The analysis of aqueous leachates of the solid waste, which contain possible water contaminants, is also necessary.
- Research Organization:
- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-26
- OSTI ID:
- 6060717
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-810813-14; ON: DE82001488
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
COAL GASIFICATION
COAL GASIFICATION PLANTS
COAL LIQUEFACTION
COAL LIQUEFACTION PLANTS
DATA
DISSOLUTION
ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
EXTRACTION
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
GASIFICATION
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS
INFORMATION
LEACHING
LIQUEFACTION
LIQUID WASTES
MASS SPECTROSCOPY
MASS TRANSFER
NUMERICAL DATA
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
RESIDUES
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SLUDGES
SOLID WASTES
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
SPECTROSCOPY
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
WASTE WATER
WASTES
WATER
WATER TREATMENT