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Chronic effects of natural and synthetic oils on freshwater organisms

Technical Report ·
OSTI ID:6031826
;
Accidental releases of synthetic oils during storage and transportation may be a major environmental concern for a commercial synthetic fuels industy. To help determine the potential long-term environmental consequence of oil releases in aquatic systems, we measured the chronic toxicity of two synthetic and two natural oils in experiments with four representative aquatic species. The oils selected for study were a direct coal liquefaction product (H-Coal heavy fuel oil), a crude shale oil (Paraho shale oil), and two petroleum crudes (Wilmington and Kern River). Test species were the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum, the crustacean Daphnia magna, the midge Chironomus tentans, and the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas. In this project pelagic organisms (S. capricornutum, D. magna, and P. promelas larvae) were tested in experiments with water-soluble fractions (WSFs) of the oils, and benthic organisms (C. tentans larvae and juvenile P. promelas) were tested with weathered oil residues. In general, WSFs of H-Coal heavy fuel oil and Paraho crude shale oil were more toxic to the test organisms than WSFs of the two petroleum crudes. Residues of H-Coal were more toxic than petroleum residues to C. tentans, but residues of Paraho shale oil were less toxic than petroleum residues. None of the residues had toxic effects on juvenile fathead minnows. 45 refs., 15 figs., 10 tabs.
Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)
DOE Contract Number:
AC05-84OR21400
OSTI ID:
6031826
Report Number(s):
ORNL/FETEP-16; ON: DE86006741
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT
010900 -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Environmental Aspects
04 OIL SHALES AND TAR SANDS
041000 -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Environmental Aspects
560302 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology-- Microorganisms-- (-1987)
560304* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology-- Invertebrates-- (-1987)
560305 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology-- Vertebrates-- (-1987)
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ALGAE
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
ARTHROPODS
BIOASSAY
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BRANCHIOPODS
COAL LIQUIDS
CRUSTACEANS
DAPHNIA
DIPTERA
ENERGY SOURCES
FATHEAD MINNOW
FISHES
FLIES
FLUIDS
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
INSECTS
INVERTEBRATES
LIQUIDS
MATHEMATICS
MINERAL OILS
MORTALITY
OILS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PLANTS
REGRESSION ANALYSIS
SHALE OIL
STATISTICS
VERTEBRATES