Evaporation and skin penetration characteristics of mosquito repellent formulations
Journal Article
·
· J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc.; (United States)
OSTI ID:6021397
Formulations of the mosquito repellent N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) in combination with a variety of additives were developed to control repellent evaporation and percutaneous penetration. Deet was also formulated with the repellent dimethyl phthalate to study the interaction of the two compounds on the skin. The evaporation and penetration processes were evaluated on whole and split-thickness pig skin using radiolabeled repellents with an in vitro apparatus. Under essentially still air and air flow conditions, one of the deet formulations resulted in significantly reduced total evaporation and percutaneous penetration of deet as compared to unformulated repellent. When deet and dimethyl phthalate were combined, neither repellent affected the total amount of evaporation and penetration of the other compound. However, initial percutaneous penetration and evaporation rates were slightly less and decayed less rapidly than when both chemicals were tested separately at the same dose. These results indicated a degree of competition of the two compounds for the same avenues of loss.
- Research Organization:
- Letterman Army Institute of Research, Presidio of San Francisco, CA (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 6021397
- Journal Information:
- J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc.; (United States), Journal Name: J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc.; (United States) Vol. 5:1; ISSN JAMAE
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
550501 -- Metabolism-- Tracer Techniques
560300* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ABSORPTION
ACRYLATES
AMIDES
ANIMALS
ARTHROPODS
CARBON ISOTOPES
CARBOXYLIC ACID SALTS
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
DIPTERA
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
EVAPORATION
IN VITRO
INSECTS
INVERTEBRATES
ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS
ISOTOPES
MAMMALS
METABOLISM
MOSQUITOES
ORGANIC ACIDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
PHTHALATES
SKIN ABSORPTION
SWINE
TRACER TECHNIQUES
UPTAKE
VERTEBRATES
560300* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ABSORPTION
ACRYLATES
AMIDES
ANIMALS
ARTHROPODS
CARBON ISOTOPES
CARBOXYLIC ACID SALTS
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
DIPTERA
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
EVAPORATION
IN VITRO
INSECTS
INVERTEBRATES
ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS
ISOTOPES
MAMMALS
METABOLISM
MOSQUITOES
ORGANIC ACIDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
PHTHALATES
SKIN ABSORPTION
SWINE
TRACER TECHNIQUES
UPTAKE
VERTEBRATES