Source term estimates for synthetic fuels technologies: oil shale extraction technologies

Technical Report · Wed Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1986

OSTI ID:5999130

Development of the synthetic fuels industry has raised concerns relating to the risks involved in the potential release of toxic or hazardous substances in the production and utilization of synthetic fuels. The Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is currently performing both health and environmental risk assessments associated with three synthetic fuels technologies, namely, direct liquefaction, indirect liquefaction and oil shale processing. Synfuels processes evaluated in this effort are as follows: Direct coal liquefaction processes - H-Coal, SRC-I, SRC-II, and Exxon Donor Solvent (EDS); indirect coal liquefaction processes - Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthetis via Lurgi and Koppers-Totzek (K-T) gasification processes; and oil shale extraction processes - TOSCO II and Paraho. One key element of risk assessment is the characterization of streams of concern. Thus, ORNL has sponsored two tasks in order to (1) estimate the source terms for liquid synthetic fuel technologies, and (2) analyze the various aspects associated with utilization of synfuel products. Source term estimates are estimates of pollutant-specific emission rates associated with each waste stream (source). Pollutants are categorized according to pollutant/compound groupings, herein referred to as risk analysis units (RAUs) associated with specific health and environmental risks. The 38 RAUs of interest in this study are summarized in Table 1-1. This report presents the Task 1 results for oil shale extraction technologies (i.e., TOSCO II and Paraho). Base plant configurations evaluated in this report have been adapted from conceptual design information published in engineering analysis reports. 20 refs.

• Research Organization: TRW Energy Development Group, Redondo Beach, CA (USA). Energy Technology Div.
• DOE Contract Number: AC05-84OR21400
• OSTI ID: 5999130
• Report Number(s): ORNL/Sub-83-13817/3-01; ON: DE86006734
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

04 OIL SHALES AND TAR SANDS
040402 -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Surface Methods
041000* -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Environmental Aspects
500200 -- Environment
Atmospheric-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
510200 -- Environment
Terrestrial-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
520200 -- Environment
Aquatic-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
AROMATICS
ARSENIC
BENZENE
CADMIUM
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBON MONOXIDE
CARBON OXIDES
CHALCOGENIDES
CONTROL
ELEMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
GASEOUS WASTES
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
LEAD
LIQUID WASTES
MATERIALS
MERCURY
METALS
NICKEL
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN OXIDES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PARAHO PROCESS
PARTICLES
PARTICULATES
PHENOL
PHENOLS
POLLUTION CONTROL
POLLUTION SOURCES
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
RISK ASSESSMENT
SEMIMETALS
SOLID WASTES
TOSCO PROCESS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
WASTE WATER
WASTES
WATER