A thermochemical model for shock-induced chemical reactions in porous solids: Analogs and contrasts to detonation
There is a class of non-explosive energetic materials (''ballotechnics''), that undergo rapid shock-induced chemical reactions, but whose products contain no vapor that can cause a rapid expansion upon pressure release. The present paper presents a thermochemical model describing such reactions in terms analogous to detonation. By contrast, however, the chemical energy in ballotechnics is converted mostly to heat rather than work by the shock wave, and an unsupported reaction wave will decay. In the absence of volatiles, there are no large increases in pressure, specific volume, or particle velocity associated with ballotechnic reactions. Thus, experimental methods normally applied to high explosives are insensitive, and time-resolved temperature measurements are the most appropriate. The pressure-volume-velocity relationships are strongly dependent on small amounts of volatiles (such as water) when present, but the shock temperature is not. Thermochemically, the possibility of a true detonation in a volatile-bearing ballotechnic powder cannot be precluded. By the same arguments, geochemical detonations in volatile-saturated, supercooled magmas are possible. 28 refs., 8 figs., 3 tabs.
- Research Organization:
- Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC04-76DP00789
- OSTI ID:
- 5978092
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-88-2448C; CONF-890811-26; ON: DE89016180
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
360603* -- Materials-- Properties
ALUMINIUM COMPOUNDS
ALUMINIUM OXIDES
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
DETONATIONS
EFFICIENCY
ELEMENTS
EQUATIONS
EQUATIONS OF STATE
HEATING
IRON COMPOUNDS
IRON OXIDES
KINETICS
MATERIALS
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
METALS
MIXING
NICKEL
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POROUS MATERIALS
PRESSURE EFFECTS
REACTION KINETICS
SHOCK WAVES
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS