Environmental monitoring by immunoassay: Current and future trends
Immunoassays for low molecular weight molecules have become increasingly popular in part, this is a result of the simplicity and potentially low cost of immunoassays when compared with conventional analytical methods. Environmental application of immunoassays, however, poses new challenges. First, not only must the parent compound be detected but often one would also like to detect metabolites or environmentally weathered'' products. Monoclonal antibody technology offers the possibility of selecting antibodies that have specific binding characteristics, eg. those that bind to a family of similar compounds or to broad classes of chemicals. Next, a simple rapid sample preparation method must be available. Unlike clinical assays that run in serum or other biological fluids (ideal matrixes for antibodies), environmental sample consist of soils, sediments, chemical sludges, water and air samples. Thus, in all cases, with the possible exception of water samples, the analyte of interest must be extracted and presented to the antibody in an appropriate buffer system. Once these criteria are met, immunoassays present an attractive alternative for conventional analytical methods. The most direct application of immunoassays will undoubtedly as as screening assays, with positives being confirmed by gas liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). However, coupling immunoassay with other analytical methods, such as with high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) converts a single residue immunoassay into a multiresidue method. Finally, immunoaffinity chromatography procedures are useful as methods for sample clean-up, followed by immunochemical detection or more traditional detection methods. 15 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.
- Research Organization:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- DOA; Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-48
- OSTI ID:
- 5973373
- Report Number(s):
- UCRL-JC-105276; CONF-9008194-1; ON: DE91008740
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: 7. international congress of pesticide chemistry, Hamburg (Germany, F.R.), 5-10 Aug 1990
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
ORGANIC
PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS
MONITORING
HERBICIDES
IMMUNOASSAY
INSECTICIDES
ANTIBODIES
BUFFERS
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
INHIBITION
LIGANDS
LIQUID COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
MEETINGS
METABOLITES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
SEDIMENTS
SLUDGES
SOILS
BIOASSAY
CHROMATOGRAPHY
MATERIALS
PESTICIDES
SEPARATION PROCESSES
400102* - Chemical & Spectral Procedures
540230 - Environment
Terrestrial- Radioactive Materials Monitoring & Transport- (1990-)