Two-step coal liquefaction is a hydrogen efficient route to distillate fuels. [Cities Service two-step process]

Conference · Mon Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1979

OSTI ID:5956637

Carson, T. C.; Hastings, K. E.; Potts, J. D.; Caspers, J.

Cities Service's efforts in catalytic hydrogenation and in the upgrading of solvent refined coal have led to the development of a new coal liquefaction technology called Two-Step Coal Liquefaction, TSL. The process is composed of a solvent refined coal unit operating in tandem with an LC-Fining unit. LC-Fining (Lummus/Cities Fining) is a proprietary catayltic hydrogenation process for upgrading heavy oil feedstocks. In Two-Step Liquefaction, coal is dissolved in a process-derived solvent, partially hydrogenated, and catalytically hydrocracked. Coal dissolution and catalytic upgrading are conducted in separate reactors, allowing each step to be performed at optimum conditions. Hydrogen generation inefficiencies represent the major energy loss from the liquefaction facility. An estimate of the magnitude of these losses is given for the Two-Step Coal Liquefaction and for an SRC-II liquefacton plant. The TSL process achieves a significant reduction in hydrogen consumption relative to SRC-II. The impact of this reduction in hydrogen plant operating expenses is substantial and represents a pretax saving of approximately $20,000/D. The magnitude of this saving is directly linked to the cost of energy and is, thus, likely to increase in the future.

• Research Organization: Cities Service Co., Tulsa, OK (USA). Technology Assessment Dept.; Lummus Co., Bloomfield, NJ (USA)
• OSTI ID: 5956637
• Report Number(s): CONF-790961-1
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT
010405* -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Hydrogenation & Liquefaction
CATALYSTS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COAL LIQUEFACTION
COAL LIQUIDS
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
ECONOMICS
HYDROGENATION
LIQUEFACTION
ORGANIC SOLVENTS
PROCESSING
RECYCLING
REFINING
SOLVENTS
SRC-II PROCESS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
TSL PROCESS