Transport and fate of selected organic pollutants in a sandy soil

Journal Article · Thu Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 1981 · J. Environ. Qual.; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1981.00472425001000040016x· OSTI ID:5929844

Wilson, J T; Enfield, C G; Dunlap, W J; Cosby, R L; Foster, D A; Baskin, L B

Ground waters are increasingly vulnerable to pollution by organic chemicals that migrate through the soil mantle. To assess the minimal protection that soil can be expected to provide ground water, the transport and fates of 13 organic pollutants were studied in a sandy soil with low organic matter content (0.087% organic C). Glass columns were packed with soil to a depth of 140 cm in a manner that preserved to the maximum extent possible the characteristics of the original soil profile. In separate experiments, the columns received 14 cm/day of water containing a mixture of approximately 1.0 or 0.2 mg/liter of each of the organic compounds. Quantities of compunds that volatilize from the soil surface were measured, as well as concentrations in the column effluent. Chloroform (trichloromethane), 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, dichlorobromomethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, tetrachloroethene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, and trichloroethene were not degraded in this soil. These compounds percolated rapidly through the soil; their retardation factors (velocity of tritiated water through soil divided by apparent velocity of pollutant through soil) were 2.5 or less. Between 19 and 65% of the material applied to the surface percolated to a depth of 140 cm, and the remainder volatilized. Chlorobenze e 1,4-dichlorobenzene, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene also percolated through the soil; retardation factors were 1.7, 3.4, and 9.4, respectively. Between 26 and 49% of the material applied reached 140 cm. Toluene and nitrobenzene degraded in some of the columns but not in others. In the absence of degradation, 60 and 80% of nitrobenzene and 13% of toluene applied to the soil surface reached 140 cm. The retardation factors were 2.3 or less. Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether did not degrade; 86% of the material applied reached 140 cm, and the compounds's retardation factor was <1.5.

• OSTI ID: 5929844
• Journal Information: J. Environ. Qual.; (United States), Vol. 10:4
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
GROUND WATER
WATER POLLUTION
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
MIGRATION
BENZENE
CHLOROFORM
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
NITROBENZENE
SOILS
SOLUBILITY
TOLUENE
AROMATICS
CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITRO COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION
WATER
510200* - Environment
Terrestrial- Chemicals Monitoring &amp; Transport- (-1989)
520200 - Environment
Aquatic- Chemicals Monitoring &amp; Transport- (-1989)