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Water and steam injectivity retention with calcium chloride pretreatments

Conference · · API Prod. Div. Pacific Coast Dist. Spring Mtg.; (United States)
OSTI ID:5922568
Formation permeability damage by clays can cause severe decreases in water and steam injectivity. The principal damage mechanisms are clay expansion and dispersion which are affected by the type of cations adsorbed on clay surfaces and the total salinity of the flowing solution. Clay damage by fresh water may be held to a minimum by pretreating the rock with calcium chloride. A calcium chloride preflush improved steam injectivity in several Huntington Beach Field wells. Also, a preflush made it possible to steam stimulate the First Zone in Whittier Field where, without the preflush, it was not possible to inject adequate quantities of steam. These laboratory and field studies are briefly described.
OSTI ID:
5922568
Report Number(s):
CONF-680576-
Conference Information:
Journal Name: API Prod. Div. Pacific Coast Dist. Spring Mtg.; (United States) Journal Volume: 801-44i
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English