Batteries for energy storage

Journal Article · Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1983 · CHEMTECH; (United States)

OSTI ID:5866430

Douglas, D L; Birk, J R

Examines recent progress in development and commercialization of new electrochemical systems for applications in electric utility energy storage, electric vehicle propulsion, and solar electric energy storage. In addition to kinetic and mass transport aspects of battery performance, there are important thermodynamic considerations. The operating voltage will always be less than the open-circuit valve because of the energy required to accommodate kinetic and mass transport effects. The energy delivered per unit weight is an important criterion for judging the usefulness of batteries because a high index implies conservation of active materials and thus lower cost. During design of the electrodes and separator, a given chemical system can be optimized for any specific use. No battery systems are being developed exclusively for solar energy storage. There are 4 large battery RandD programs. Two are individual electrochemical systems, zinc-chlorine and sodium-sulfur, judged to be promising for electric utility energy storage. The third is a high-temperature battery, lithium-iron sulfide, which is expected to be applicable in electric vehicles. Fourth are the so-called near-term EV battery development programs which include zinc-nickel oxide, iron-nickel oxide, and lead-acid batteries.

• Research Organization: EPRI Energy Management and Utilization Division, Palo Alto, CA 94303
• OSTI ID: 5866430
• Journal Information: CHEMTECH; (United States), Vol. 13:1
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
RESEARCH PROGRAMS
CAPITALIZED COST
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
ELECTRODES
ENERGY STORAGE
MASS TRANSFER
OPTIMIZATION
SOLAR ENERGY
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
COST
ENERGY
ENERGY SOURCES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
STORAGE
250900* - Energy Storage- Batteries