Coal conversion through Riser Cracking
Research and development of short residence time hydropyrolysis has involved a bench-scale unit with a high degree of temperature profile control to generate parametric data. Temperatures of 1300/sup 0/ to 1500/sup 0/F and operating pressures of 500 to 2000 psi have been used to process coals at residence times of 2 to 8 seconds at hydrogen/coal weight ratios of 0.1:2.0. Oil yields of 13% to 15% of feed carbon have been obtained from North Dakota lignite at approximately 50% carbon conversion; oil yields of about 18% of feed carbon have been obtained under similar conditions from bituminous coals. About half of the liquids are in the C/sub 5/ to 400/sup 0/F boiling range and are mostly monoaromatic. In processing, heavy tars are not produced, and the char is a free-flowing dry solid. A process development unit is a small-scale prototype of the reaction system of the IGT commercial concept called Riser Cracking of Coal. The entrained flow riser section will be capable of processing as much as 100 lb/hr of coal. Reaction heat will be supplied by two stages of oxygen combustion within the riser. The PDU operating range can be extended from the liquefaction mode (1500/sup 0/F, 2000 psig) to a gasification mode (1800/sup 0/F, 2000 psig) through the use of unique construction features. The prospects for this type of processing continue to look promising. A high degree of flexibility in the oils composition with varying reactor temperature profile (holding the same reactor outlet temperature) has been demonstrated, and the product spectrum itself (methane, ethane, gasoline, and fuel oil) is both valuable and needed. The potential stumbling blocks are the cost of making and recycling hydrogen in the process, achieving extended operation with bituminous coals, and the institutional problems inherent in the multiproduct yields.
- OSTI ID:
- 5864085
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-790598-4
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: Institute of gas technology symposium: advances in coal utilization technology, Clarksville, IN, USA, 14 May 1979
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Research and development of rapid hydrogenation for coal conversion to synthetic motor fuels (riser cracking of coal). Annual report, April 1, 1976--March 31, 1977. [15 refs]
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Related Subjects
08 HYDROGEN
COAL
HYDROGENATION
PYROLYSIS
COAL LIQUEFACTION
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
COST
BENCH-SCALE EXPERIMENTS
BENZENE
BITUMINOUS COAL
ETHANE
FUEL OILS
GASOLINE
HYDROGEN
LIGNITE
METHANE
PROCESS DEVELOPMENT UNITS
RECYCLING
THERMAL CRACKING
TOLUENE
XYLENES
YIELDS
ALKANES
AROMATICS
BLACK COAL
BROWN COAL
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CRACKING
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS
DECOMPOSITION
ELEMENTS
ENERGY SOURCES
FLUIDS
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
FUNCTIONAL MODELS
HYDROCARBONS
LIQUEFACTION
NONMETALS
OILS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
010405* - Coal
Lignite
& Peat- Hydrogenation & Liquefaction
080107 - Hydrogen- Production- Coal Gasification