Synchrotron radiation focusing by a Bragg--Fresnel lens
Since the discovery of x rays and until the present time the possibilities of their controlling and focusing have been widely discussed. In the hard spectrum region (/lambda//similar to/1 A) the main focusing schemes are the following: geometrical focusing based on incoherent interaction of wave packets reflected by different regions of bending crystals and coherent (dynamic) focusing performed at the cost of the effect of refraction index angular dispersion near the exact Bragg angle value /minus//theta//sub /ital B//. A main disadvantage of geometrical focusing is low spatial resolution (/similar to/0.1 mm) and temperature stability. In the case of coherent focusing a main disadvantage is a narrow angular aperture (/similar to/10 sec. of arc) at spatial resolution (/similar to/1--10 /mu/m). Recently, advances in the development of diffraction physics and microstructuring technology open up possibilities for fabricating effective focusing x-ray optical elements---Bragg--Fresnel lenses (BFL)---with high spatial resolution (/similar to/0.1 /mu/m) at a wide angular aperture and high temperature stability. The present paper describes the main principles of Bragg--Fresnel optics (BFO). It presents the results on the synchrotron experiment and on observation of focusing. In this work the peculiarities of BFL diffraction contrast formation are investigated and image transmission using a BFL is performed. Possibilities of developing x-ray optical schemes of ultrahigh resolution on the basis of BFL elements are also discussed.
- Research Organization:
- Institute of Problems of Microelectronics Technology and Superpure Materials, USSR Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow District, USSR (SU)
- OSTI ID:
- 5831290
- Journal Information:
- Rev. Sci. Instrum.; (United States), Vol. 60:7
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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