Generation and characterization of radiolabeled diesel exhaust
To evaluate the potential health risks associated with increased use of diesel engines, information is needed on the biological fate of inhaled diesel exhaust components. The purpose of this study was to characterize different radiolabeled diesel exhausts with respect to their potential use in studies of the biological fate of exhaust carbon particles and particle-associated organic compounds (particle extracts). A single-cylinder diesel engine was used to burn diesel fuel containing trace amounts of /sup 14/C-labeled hexadecane, dotriacontane, benzene, phenanthrene or benzo(a)pyrene. Greater than 98% of the /sup 14/C in all additives was converted to volatile materials upon combustion. The remainder was distributed in varying amounts between the carbon particles and particle extracts. Aromatic additives labeled carbon particles more efficiently than aliphatic additives. Column chromatography of the particle extracts showed that, in most cases, the majority of the radioactivity eluted in fractions identical to the specific fuel additive employed, suggesting that a large amount of the particle-associated organic compounds consisted of uncombusted fuel constituents. Applying an electrical load to the engine-electrical generator increased carbon particle radioactivity, but had variable effects on the amount of radioactivity in the particle extracts. /sup 67/Ga-tetramethylheptanedione was also studied as a fuel additive to label carbon particles. /sup 67/Ga was incorporated into the exhaust particles and lung deposition of particles in rats was found to be approximately 10%. However, the /sup 67/Ga-radiolabel was found to separate from the particles in vivo, making it an unsuitable radiolabel for studying the long-term lung retention of diesel exhaust carbonaceous particles. 27 references, 2 figures, 5 tables.
- Research Organization:
- Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Inst., Albuquerque, NM
- OSTI ID:
- 5809634
- Journal Information:
- Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.; (United States), Vol. 45:7
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
BENZENE
HEALTH HAZARDS
BENZOPYRENE
EXHAUST GASES
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
LABELLING
HEXADECANE
PHENANTHRENE
CARBON
CARBON 14 COMPOUNDS
DIESEL ENGINES
FUEL ADDITIVES
GALLIUM 67
INHALATION
LIQUID COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
LUNGS
PARTICULATES
RADIOACTIVITY
RATS
RETENTION
RISK ASSESSMENT
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION
TRACER TECHNIQUES
ADDITIVES
ALKANES
ANIMALS
AROMATICS
BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BODY
CHROMATOGRAPHY
CONDENSED AROMATICS
DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
DISTRIBUTION
ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES
ELEMENTS
ENGINES
FLUIDS
GALLIUM ISOTOPES
GASEOUS WASTES
GASES
HAZARDS
HEAT ENGINES
HYDROCARBONS
INTAKE
INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS
ISOTOPES
LABELLED COMPOUNDS
MAMMALS
NONMETALS
NUCLEI
ODD-EVEN NUCLEI
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANS
PARTICLES
RADIOISOTOPES
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RODENTS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
VERTEBRATES
WASTES
500300* - Environment
Atmospheric- Radioactive Materials Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)
560305 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Vertebrates- (-1987)