Evaluation of the genotoxicity of process stream extracts from a coal gasification system
Extracts of three complex organic environmental mixtures, two from an experimental coal gasifier (a raw gas and a clean gas sample) and one from a coke oven main, were examined for genotoxicity. Three short-term genotoxicity assay systems were used: Ames Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay, Chinese hamster ovary cell/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (CHO/HGPRT) gene locus mutation assay, and the Chinese hamster lung primary culture/sister chromatid exchange (CHL/SCE) assay. Aroclor-1254-induced rat liver homogenate fraction (S-9) was required to observe genotoxicity in both gene locus mutation assays (CHO/HGPRT and Ames). The relative survival of CHO cells exposed to extracts was highest in cells exposed to clean gas samples, with the raw gas sample being the most cytotoxic either with or without the addition of S-9. All three complex mixtures induced sister chromatid exchanges in primary lung cell cultures without the addition of S-9. The relative genotoxicity ranking of the samples varied between the mammalian and prokaryotic assay systems. The results of all three assays indicate that the cleanup process used in the experimental gasifier was effective in decreasing the genotoxic materials in the process stream. These data also reemphasize the necessity of evaluating genotoxicity of complex mixtures in a variety of short-term systems.
- Research Organization:
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Inst., Albuquerque, NM
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC04-76EV01013
- OSTI ID:
- 5796965
- Journal Information:
- Environ. Manage.; (United States), Journal Name: Environ. Manage.; (United States) Vol. 6:6; ISSN EMNGD
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
016000* -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Health & Safety
560301 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology-- Cells-- (-1987)
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ANIMAL CELLS
ANIMALS
BACTERIA
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
CHO CELLS
CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS
COAL GASIFICATION
COAL GASIFICATION PLANTS
CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS
DISPERSIONS
ENZYMES
FIBROBLASTS
GASIFICATION
GENETIC EFFECTS
GLYCOSYL TRANSFERASES
HAMSTERS
HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS
MAMMALS
MCDOWELL-WELLMAN PROCESS
MICROORGANISMS
MIXTURES
MUTAGEN SCREENING
MUTANTS
MUTATIONS
PENTOSYL TRANSFERASES
PROCESS SOLUTIONS
REVERTANTS
RODENTS
SALMONELLA
SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM
SCREENING
SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES
SOLUTIONS
SOMATIC CELLS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
TRANSFERASES
VERTEBRATES