Coal liquefaction with supercritical ammonia and amines
The extraordinary high efficiency of coal liquefaction with nucleophilic nitrogen-containing solvents was recently demonstrated. Based on solubility and mass transfer considerations, liquefaction at supercritical solvent conditions has also drawn attention. The present study combines these two approaches by exploring the potential of supercritical liquefaction of coal with low molecular weight nitrogen-containing solvents. The first year study has already indicated that these solvents are very effective in converting coal to soluble materials and this concept has potential as a significant approach to low severity coal liquefaction. It has been observed that liquefaction efficiency increases progressively with a specific and identifiable property of these nitrogen containing solvents and that process optimization capitalizing on this property has resulted in 100 percent conversions at mild (275/sup 0/C) conditions and low solvent to coal ratios. For example, at 275/sup 0/C and with a 1:1 ratio of solvent to North Dakota lignite (by weight), the liquefaction efficiency increases from 17 percent (daf) to 100 percent. Wyodak coal also shows similar conversion. However, Illinois No. 6 coal provides relatively lower, but still strikingly high conversion at such mild conditions. Products were characterized by sequential Soxhlet extractions, vapor pressure osmometry, elemental analysis, /sup 1/H NMR, /sup 13/C NMR and GC/MS.
- Research Organization:
- Gulf South Res. Inst., P.O. Box 26518, New Orleans, LA 70186
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC22-83PC60046
- OSTI ID:
- 5786682
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-841121-
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: AIChE annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 Nov 1984
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
COAL LIQUEFACTION
ORGANIC SOLVENTS
AMINES
AMMONIA
CARBON 13
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
EFFICIENCY
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
HIGH TEMPERATURE
HYDROGEN 1
LIGNITE
MASS SPECTROSCOPY
MASS TRANSFER
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
NMR SPECTRA
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
SOLUBILITY
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
SUPERCRITICAL GAS EXTRACTION
TURBULENT FLOW
VAPOR PRESSURE
BROWN COAL
CARBON ISOTOPES
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
COAL
ENERGY SOURCES
EVEN-ODD NUCLEI
EXTRACTION
FLUID FLOW
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
HYDRIDES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROGEN ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES
LIGHT NUCLEI
LIQUEFACTION
MATERIALS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN HYDRIDES
NUCLEI
ODD-EVEN NUCLEI
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SOLVENTS
SPECTRA
SPECTROSCOPY
STABLE ISOTOPES
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
010405* - Coal
Lignite
& Peat- Hydrogenation & Liquefaction