Disinfection by-products in drinking water

Conference · · Archives of Environmental Health; (USA)

OSTI ID:5768118

Craun, G F ^[1]

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1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH (USA)

Many organic contaminants have been identified in drinking water, some of which are introduced during treatment. Whereas chlorination of drinking water prevents the transmission of infectious diseases, free chlorine can react with precursors in water, such as humic and fulvic acids, to produce halogenated and oxidized by-products. Many disinfection by-products have been detected, including haloketones, haloaldehydes, haloacids, haloacetonitrile, cyanogen chloride, chlorophenols, chloropicrin, and chlorinated hydroxyfuranones (i.e., MX and E-MX). A survey of 35 water facilities showed that trihalomethanes were the largest class of by-products (median 39 {mu}g/{ell}) and haloacetic acids the next most significant (median 19 {mu}g/{ell}). Cyanogen chloride was preferentially produced in chloraminated water supplies, and formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were identified as by-products of ozonation.

• OSTI ID: 5768118
• Report Number(s): CONF-890937--
• Conference Information: Journal Name: Archives of Environmental Health; (USA) Journal Volume: 45:5
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
540310 -- Environment
Aquatic-- Basic Studies-- (1990-)
550900* -- Pathology
560300 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ANIMALS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHLORINATION
CONTAMINATION
DISEASES
DRINKING WATER
HALOGENATION
HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
MAMMALS
MAN
NEOPLASMS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PRIMATES
RISK ASSESSMENT
VERTEBRATES
WATER