Exposure Risks and Intervention Possibilities in Solution Criticality Accidents
All accidental criticality excursions are accompanied by neutron and gamma radiation that creates two possible types of radiation risk: (1) immediate risk for the personnel directly exposed; and (2) deferred risk in the case where an intervention team is required in the postaccident phase. These aspects, or more specifically dose measurement and the possibility of calling on intervention teams, were carefully examined in the CRAC and SILENE criticality accident experimental study programs carried out at the Valduc criticality laboratory. The resulting data are undeniably valuable as part of a nuclear safety policy that aims to evaluate and prevent the risks of accident situations, to define the consequences of such situations, and to propose an intervention strategy if the need arises. Note, however, that if criticality accident detection systems help to limit the doses to which personnel may be exposed, they provide no information that could contribute to accident diagnosis nor to understanding the postaccident phase, while such information is essential in deciding whether or not to call on an intervention team. This explains why the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique decided to perfect its detection system, which is now capable of monitoring accident evolution, providing valuable information on dose rates.
- Research Organization:
- Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Is-sur-Tille (France)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Nuclear Criticality Safety Program (NCSP)
- OSTI ID:
- 5763465
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-910603--
- Journal Information:
- Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, Journal Name: Transactions of the American Nuclear Society Vol. 63; ISSN TANSA; ISSN 0003-018X
- Publisher:
- American Nuclear Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL PROTECTION
ACCIDENTS
ACCURACY
ACTINIDE COMPOUNDS
AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Accidental Criticality Excursions
BARYONS
CEA
CRITICALITY
DISPERSIONS
DOSES
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
EMERGENCY PLANS
ENRICHED URANIUM REACTORS
EXPERIMENTAL REACTORS
FERMIONS
FRENCH ORGANIZATIONS
FUEL FABRICATION PLANTS
FUEL REPROCESSING PLANTS
GAMMA RADIATION
GEOMETRY
HADRONS
IONIZING RADIATIONS
MATHEMATICS
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MITIGATION
MIXTURES
MONITORS
NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
NEUTRONS
NITRATES
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NUCLEAR FACILITIES
NUCLEONS
Nuclear Criticality Safety Program (NCSP)
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PERSONNEL
RADIATION ACCIDENTS
RADIATION DOSES
RADIATION MONITORS
RADIATIONS
REACTIVITY
REACTORS
RESEARCH AND TEST REACTORS
RESEARCH PROGRAMS
RESEARCH REACTORS
RISK ASSESSMENT
Radiation Risk
SAFETY
SILENE REACTOR
SOLUTIONS
TEST FACILITIES
URANIUM COMPOUNDS
URANIUM NITRATES
ZERO POWER REACTORS