Properties of Ni/SiO sub 2 catalysts: Relationship to ether formation from alcohols

Journal Article · Mon Apr 01 04:00:00 EST 1991 · Journal of Catalysis; (USA)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(91)90293-D· OSTI ID:5740755

Kraus, L S; Pines, H; Butt, J B ^[1]

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1. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (USA)

The objective of this study was better understanding of the relationships among structural, chemical, and physical properties of Ni/SiO{sub 2} and ether formation in the reaction of alcohols. The primary reactions investigated were those of the conversion of 1-butanol at 1 atm, 160{degree}C and conversion <25%. Further characterization of catalyst acidic/metallic properties was conducted with 1,1-dimethylcyclopropane at 80{degree}C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to characterize the chemical state of Ni in the various catalysts. Two series of catalysts were investigated: 0.7, 2.7, 4.7, and 8.5 wt% Ni/SiO{sub 2} prepared by precipitation of basic NiCO{sub 3} on the silica, and 4.8 and 6.0 wt% NiSiO{sub 2} prepared by neutral impregnation with nickel nitrate. Various pretreatment and reduction conditions were investigated; for the 0.7-8.5% series it was found that the temperature of drying prior to reduction/reaction was an important variable. For the 8.5% catalyst, temperature of reduction also became an important factor. Study of the ether formation activities for various catalysts from both series, in conjunction with XPS investigation and 1-1 dimethylcyclopropane reactivity, indicated that the active site for ether formation is an acidic nickel silicate promoted by Ni(0). Ether formation is inversely related to surface-reduced Ni on these catalysts, thus it does not appear that large ensembles of zero-valent nickel play a significant role in the catalysis.

• OSTI ID: 5740755
• Journal Information: Journal of Catalysis; (USA), Journal Name: Journal of Catalysis; (USA) Vol. 128:2; ISSN 0021-9517; ISSN JCTLA
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

10 SYNTHETIC FUELS
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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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ALCOHOLS
ALKANES
BUTANOLS
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBONATES
CATALYST SUPPORTS
CATALYSTS
CATALYTIC EFFECTS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHEMICAL STATE
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
CYCLOALKANES
DRYING
ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY
ELEMENTS
ETHERS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
IMPREGNATION
METALS
MICROSTRUCTURE
MINERALS
NICKEL
NICKEL CARBONATES
NICKEL COMPOUNDS
NICKEL NITRATES
NICKEL SILICATES
NITRATES
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
OXIDE MINERALS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
PRECIPITATION
QUANTITY RATIO
REDUCTION
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SILICA
SILICATES
SILICON COMPOUNDS
SILICON OXIDES
SPECTROSCOPY
SURFACE PROPERTIES
SYNTHESIS
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY