Oxides of nitrogen emissions from turbulent hydrocarbon/air jet diffusion flames. Annual report, January - December 1990

Technical Report · Tue Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1991

OSTI ID:5682927

Turns, S R; Myhr, F H

Measurements of oxides of nitrogen emission indices, flame radiant fractions, and visual flame dimensions were made for turbulent jet diffusion flames covering a wide range of flow conditions. Objectives of the study were to understand the interrelationships among NO{sub x} emissions, flow conditions, and flame radiation; and to provide a well-characterized data base to guide modeling efforts. A range of radiant fractions, and hence characteristic flame temperatures, were obtained by varying fuel type. The use of three fuels, CH{sub 4}, C{sub 3}H{sub 8}, and C{sub 2}H{sub 4}, with and without nitrogen dilution, resulted in a series of flames with widely varying sooting characteristics. Four burners with different jet diameters allowed independent variation of Reynolds and Froude numbers, while H{sub 2} pilot flame stabilization allowed a large range of jet exit velocities, and hence length and time scales, to be studied. Characteristic flame temperatures deduced from the measured radiant fractions were used to scale the normalized NO{sub x} emission rates from all flames. A simple result, consistent with Zeldovich kinetics, obtained at the higher temperatures when the flames were non-luminous, regardless of fuel type. At lower temperatures, fuel-type was important, with the normalized emission rates increasing in the same order as sooting tendencies. The results are consistent with, but do not prove, the view that the bulk of the NO{sub x} emitted by jet flames is formed in the high-temperature, nearly stoichiometric, large-scale eddies at the flame tip.

• Research Organization: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
• OSTI ID: 5682927
• Report Number(s): PB-91-184952/XAB; PSU-ME-R--90/91-0005; CNN: GRI-5086-260-1308
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

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020900 -- Petroleum-- Environmental Aspects
025000 -- Petroleum-- Combustion
03 NATURAL GAS
030800 -- Natural Gas-- Environmental Aspects
034000 -- Natural Gas-- Combustion
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
400800* -- Combustion
Pyrolysis
& High-Temperature Chemistry
AIR POLLUTION
ALKANES
ALKENES
BURNERS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS
COMBUSTION KINETICS
CORRELATIONS
DIFFUSION
ELEMENTS
EMISSION
ETHYLENE
EXHAUST GASES
FLAMES
FLUID FLOW
FLUIDS
FROUDE NUMBER
GAS FLOW
GASEOUS WASTES
GASES
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROGEN
KINETICS
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
METHANE
MIXING
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN OXIDES
NONMETALS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION
PROPANE
REACTION KINETICS
REYNOLDS NUMBER
SOOT
SYNTHESIS
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
TURBULENT FLOW
WASTES