Dynamic model for the production of H/sup +/, NO/sub 3//sup -/, and SO/sub 4//sup 2 -/ in urban fog

Journal Article · Sat Aug 20 04:00:00 EDT 1983 · J. Geophys. Res.; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/JC088iC11p06611· OSTI ID:5675070

Jacob, D J; Hoffman, M R

The chemical composition of nighttime urban fog has been investigated using a hybrid kinetic and equilibrium model. Extremely high acidity may be imparted to the droplets by condensation and growth on acidic condensation nuclei or by in situ S(IV) oxidation. Important oxidants of S(IV) were found to be O/sub 2/ as catalyzed by Fe(III) and Mn(II), H/sub 2/O/sub 2/, and O/sub 3/. Formation of hydroxymethanesulfonate ion (HMSA) via the nucleophilic addition of HSO/sub 3/ to CH/sub 2/O(I) significantly increased the droplet capacity for S(IV) but did not slow down the net S(IV) oxidation rate leading to fog acidification. Gas phase nitric acid, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide were scavenged efficiently, although aqueous phase hydrogen peroxide was depleted rapidly by reduction with S(IV). Nitrate production in the aqueous phase was found to be dominated by HNO/sub 3/ gas phase scavenging. Major aqueous phase species concentrations were controlled primarily by condensation, evaporation and pH.

• Research Organization: Environmental Engineering Science, W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
• OSTI ID: 5675070
• Journal Information: J. Geophys. Res.; (United States), Journal Name: J. Geophys. Res.; (United States) Vol. 88:C11; ISSN JGREA
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

500100* -- Environment
Atmospheric-- Basic Studies-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
AIR POLLUTION
AMMONIA
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CHEMISTRY
DROPLETS
FLUIDS
FOG
GASES
HYDRIDES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
INORGANIC ACIDS
NITRIC ACID
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN HYDRIDES
NOCTURNAL VARIATIONS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
OZONE
PARTICLE SIZE
PARTICLES
PEROXIDES
PH VALUE
POLLUTION
PRECIPITATION SCAVENGING
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SIZE
VAPOR CONDENSATION
VAPORS
VARIATIONS
WASHOUT
WATER VAPOR