Evaluation of alternatives for the ultimate disposal of krypton-85. Task 1. Compilation of alternatives

Technical Report · Fri Jun 01 04:00:00 EDT 1979

OSTI ID:5644066

Thamer, B J; Mihlfeith, C M; Macbeth, P J

Task 1 reviews the literature on the immobilization and storage of krypton-85. In all, seventeen methods are reviewed including steel cylinders at 500 and 2000 psi zeolites, ion implantation/sputtering krypton loaded solid set in a matrix, etc. A bibliography is provided for each technique. Task 2 compares twenty immobilization/storage techniques in terms of technical feasibility, safety, relative cost, and 'other factors' which include retrievability, sociopolitical considerations, and transportational aspects. Two promising storage techniques (ion implantation and subatmospheric storage in tanks), along with the reference cases of 500 psi and 2000 psi storage in steel cylinders are considered with respect to ultimate disposal techniques in Task 3. The ultimate disposal techniques considered are storage in a building, storage in a dry well, storage in deep geological media and ocean disposal. Specific designs are described in terms of achievability, environmental hazards, and comparative costs whenever possible.

• Research Organization: Ford, Bacon and Davis Utah, Inc., Salt Lake City (USA); Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (USA)
• OSTI ID: 5644066
• Report Number(s): PB-82-113028
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

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12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES
BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
CONTAINERS
COST
CYLINDERS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
EVEN-ODD NUCLEI
GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS
HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
HOURS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
INORGANIC ION EXCHANGERS
INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI
ION EXCHANGE MATERIALS
ION IMPLANTATION
ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES
KRYPTON 85
KRYPTON ISOTOPES
MANAGEMENT
MARINE DISPOSAL
MATERIALS
MINERALS
NUCLEI
PROCESSING
RADIATION HAZARDS
RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL
RADIOACTIVE WASTE PROCESSING
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
RADIOISOTOPES
SAFETY
TANKS
WASTE DISPOSAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTE PROCESSING
WASTES
WELLS
YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
ZEOLITES