Development of porosity upon chemical activation of kraft lignin with ZnCl{sub 2}

Journal Article · Sat Nov 01 04:00:00 EST 1997 · Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/ie970261q· OSTI ID:564174

Gonzalez-Serrano, E; Cordero, T; Rodriguez-Mirasol, J; Rodriguez, J J ^[1]

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1. Univ. of Malaga (Spain). Dept. of Chemical Engineering

Chemical activation of kraft lignin with ZnCl{sub 2} allows one to obtain high surface area activated carbons with a predominantly microporous structure. Most of porosity develops within the thermal range of 400--500 C, where an increase of temperature leads to increasing micropore volume values (up to {approx}1 cm{sup 3}/g) and a wider distribution of micropore size. An increasing mesoporosity is also observed. Increasing the impregnation ratio (ZnCl{sub 2}/lignin, wt) has a similar effect on the evolution of the porous structure. The mesopore distribution remains within the low-size range even at high impregnation ratios (up to 2.3). At 500 C and an impregnation ratio of 2.3, where the highest contribution of mesoporosity was observed, the mesopore volume reached a value of 0.59 cm{sup 3}/g. These conditions allowed one to obtain a BET surface area of 1,800 m{sup 2}/g, including the external or non-microporous surface of 200 m{sup 2}/g. The porous structure developed suggests a fairly homogeneous distribution of the activating agent favored by the softening and partial fusion which kraft lignin undergoes within the temperature range of 180--280 C.

• OSTI ID: 564174
• Journal Information: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, Journal Name: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 36; ISSN IECRED; ISSN 0888-5885
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

09 BIOMASS FUELS
ACTIVATED CARBON
CATALYTIC EFFECTS
CHEMICAL ACTIVATION
KINETICS
LIGNIN
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES
PAPER INDUSTRY
POROSITY
SURFACE AREA
WASTE PRODUCT UTILIZATION
ZINC CHLORIDES