A perspective on syngas from coal

Journal Article · Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1991 · Energy Sources; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/00908319108909001· OSTI ID:5607740

Rath, L K; Longanbach, J R ^[1]

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1. Morgantown Energy Technology Center, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Morgantown, WV (US)

Syngas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, has been produced from coal for more than 100 years. But today most syngas is produced from noncoal feedstocks, by catalytic steam reforming of natural gas and naphtha or partial oxidation of heavy hydrocarbons such as petroleum resid. Three types of syngas, characterized by their H{sub 2}/CO ratio, are needed. Low ratio, H{sub 2}/CO = 0.4-0.8, syngas can be used in recently developed processes such as the Liquid Phase Methanol synthesis and the Shell Fischer-Tropsch wax synthesis; moderate ratio, H{sub 2}/CO = 0.8-1.5, syngas is used in the Tennessee Eastman coal based synthesis of methanol and acetic anhydride; high ratio, H{sub 2}/CO = 1.8-2.5, syngas is used in traditional methanol synthesis and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis at Sasol. Different types of gasifiers are available for the production of syngas. These include Lurgi fixed-bed dry bottom and slagging gasifiers, agglomerating fluidized-bed gasifiers, single and two-stage entrained slurry feed gasifiers, and single-stage entrained dry feed gasifiers. The cost of syngas from subbituminous coal is shown to be relatively insensitive to the H{sub 2}/CO ratio produced and may soon be competitive with natural gas-based syngas in some parts of the country due to the increasing demand for and cost of natural gas. Recent in this paper, DOE sponsored research on three topics on the production of syngas from coal, coal gasifiers for the direct production of high hydrogen content syngas, advanced methods to separate hydrogen from syngas at elevated temperatures and biological conversion of coal to syngas, are also discussed.

• OSTI ID: 5607740
• Journal Information: Energy Sources; (United States), Vol. 13:4; ISSN 0090-8312
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT
08 HYDROGEN
10 SYNTHETIC FUELS
COAL
ENERGY CONVERSION
COAL GASIFICATION
LIQUID PHASE METHANOL PROCESS
COAL GASIFICATION PLANTS
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS
SYNTHESIS GAS
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CARBON MONOXIDE
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROGEN
LURGI CFB GASIFICATION PROCESS
LURGI SLAGGING PROCESS
RESEARCH PROGRAMS
SUBBITUMINOUS COAL
US DOE
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBON OXIDES
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COAL LIQUEFACTION
CONVERSION
ELEMENTS
ENERGY SOURCES
FLUIDS
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
GASES
GASIFICATION
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS
LIQUEFACTION
MATERIALS
NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
NONMETALS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
US ORGANIZATIONS
010404* - Coal
Lignite
& Peat- Gasification
080107 - Hydrogen- Production- Coal Gasification
010408 - Coal
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100200 - Synthetic Fuels- Production- (1990-)