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Gill surface interaction model for trace-metal toxicity to fishes: role of complexation, pH, and water hardness

Journal Article · · Environ. Sci. Technol.; (United States)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/es00112a007· OSTI ID:5604772
A model has been developed to account for the variability in trace-metal toxicity to fishes at different values of alkalinity, hardness, and pH. The model utilizes trace-metal speciation, gill surface interaction, and competitive inhibition to predict effective, toxicant concentration (ETC). Copper, cadmium, lead, and zinc bioassay data have been utilized.
Research Organization:
Montana State University, Bozeman
OSTI ID:
5604772
Journal Information:
Environ. Sci. Technol.; (United States), Journal Name: Environ. Sci. Technol.; (United States) Vol. 17:6; ISSN ESTHA
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English