Effects of shear and proppant on the viscosity of cross-linked fracturing fluids
Several frequently used cross-linked fracturing fluids (gels) have been evaluated as to the effects that shear and 20/40 mesh sand proppant have on their rheological properties. A closed-loop pipe viscometer was used to evaluate the shear resistance and post-shear recovery of various gels. The aqueous-base gels tested included those made with guar, hydroxypropyl guar (HPG), and carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEC) polymers. Test results indicate that when cross-linked with borate ions, guar and HPG gels have the greatest resistance to shear. Yet when cross-linked with various titanates, HPG gels showed significantly lower resistance to induced shear. Tests on CMHEC gels which were cross-linked with trivalent aluminum (Al/sup +3/) indicate a shear resistance between that of the HPG-borate gels and the CMHEC-Al/sup +3/ gels demonstrated considerably higher post-shear recoveries than those attained with HPG-titanate gels.
- OSTI ID:
- 5592119
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-820927-
- Journal Information:
- Soc. Pet. Eng. AIME, Pap.; (United States), Vol. SPE-11066; Conference: 57. AIME Society of Petroleum Engineers annual technical conference and exhibition, New Orleans, LA, USA, 26 Sep 1982
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
FRACTURING FLUIDS
SHEAR PROPERTIES
VISCOSITY
ALUMINIUM COMPOUNDS
BORATES
CATALYTIC EFFECTS
CROSS-LINKING
GELS
MATERIALS TESTING
PROPPING AGENTS
RHEOLOGY
SHEAR
TITANATES
BORON COMPOUNDS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COLLOIDS
DISPERSIONS
FLUIDS
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POLYMERIZATION
TESTING
TITANIUM COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
020300* - Petroleum- Drilling & Production