Air pollution control by economic incentives in the U. S. : policy, problems, and progress
This paper deals with cost-effectiveness of the economic incentive policies of the bubble concept and offset credits relative to the policy to direct regulations of air emissions. The second section discusses single-and multi-plant bubbles, their adoption across regions and industries, the methods used to control emissions and the extent of savings in costs. We conclude that despite the delay resulting from duplication of review of state implementation plans by both the state and the Environmental Protection Agency, the required technlogical commands, the requirements to model air quality and the restrictions to permit bubbling only in the attainment areas, the policy is progressing successfully and should be encouraged by eliminating the restrictions. The third section analyzes the policy of emission offset credit, trading, and banking which can permit economic growth in nonattainment areas. It reviews the available literature, which deals only with aggregation of offsets across cities instead of individual offset trades. Progress by individual offset trades is analyzed in terms of the number of offsets, their acceptance across regions, the extent of reductions in emissions, and the classification of the offsets into internal and external trades. Comparison of estimated capital costs and prices of individual offsets with direct regulation costs reveals that the former are economical. We conclude that despite the problems of high tradeoff ratios, the short and uncertain life of the emission offset credits and the technological commands, the policy is progressing successfully and should be encouraged further by relaxing restrictions.
- Research Organization:
- National Commission on Air Quality, Washington, DC
- OSTI ID:
- 5530904
- Journal Information:
- Environ. Manage.; (United States), Vol. 6:1
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Bubble concept: a pragmatic approach to regulation under the Clean Air Act
New bubble guidelines will provide economic incentives, EPA reports. [Guidelines for air pollution control]
Related Subjects
29 ENERGY PLANNING
POLICY AND ECONOMY
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
FINANCIAL INCENTIVES
POLLUTION REGULATIONS
EVALUATION
COMPLIANCE
ECONOMICS
INDUSTRY
REGULATIONS
USA
CONTROL
NORTH AMERICA
POLLUTION CONTROL
500600* - Environment
Atmospheric- Regulations- (-1989)
290300 - Energy Planning & Policy- Environment
Health
& Safety