Studies on promoting action in skin carcinogenesis
A number of substances were tested for carcinogenic promoting activity in Swiss mice by applying them twice weekly to the clipped dorsal skin, beginning 1 wk after a single application of 9,10-dimethyl-1, 2-benzanthracene (DMBA; 1 to 1.5% in mineral oil). Tests with silver nitrate (10% aqueous), iodoacetic acid (0.9% in acetone, fumaric acid (1% in acetone), ethylphenylpropiolate (5% in acetone), trihydroxymethylanthraquinone. (Emodin; 0.5% in acetone), oleic alcohol, monostearin (5% in acetone) and sorbitan monolaurate were essentially negative; when a single application of croton oil (5% in mineral oil) was interspersed between the carcinogen and silver nitrate, 6/20 mice developed 14 benign tumors and 1 carcinoma. N-Dodecane showed moderate promoting activity (26 tumors, with 2 carcinomas, in 12/30 mice). Tests of several petroleum fractions showed high initial promoting activity (404 tumors, with 31 carcinomas, in 36/50 mice), but the activity disappeared on storage; while there was no carcinogenic activity in mice, in New Zealand albino rabbits the petroleum fractions alone produced considerable numbers of tumors. One application of DMBA, however, did increase tumor incidence and shorten the latent period. The hexane-eluted fraction of a methanolic extract of croton seeds (which had little vesicant activity), had all the promoting activity of the original croton oil; this could be demonstrated with uethan (20 mg/day ip for 5 days) as the initiator as well as with DMBA. In conclusion, the authors distinguish sharply between the promoting activity of compounds such as croton oil, which lead mostly to benign tumors (many of which regress spontaneously), and the additive effects of carcinogenic substances which may have a stimulatory effect on the second stage of carcinogenesis; for this additive carcinogenic effect, they suggest the term developing action. Other studies on croton oil are also reviewed.
- Research Organization:
- Inst. of Medical Research, Chicago, IL
- OSTI ID:
- 5528023
- Journal Information:
- Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr.; (United States), Journal Name: Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr.; (United States) Vol. 10; ISSN NCIMA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ACETIC ACID
ALCOHOLS
ALKANES
ANIMALS
ANTHRAQUINONES
AROMATICS
BENZANTHRACENE
BODY
CARBOXYLIC ACID SALTS
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
CARCINOGENESIS
CARCINOGENS
CARCINOMAS
CONDENSED AROMATICS
CROTON OIL
DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS
DISEASES
DODECANE
ENERGY SOURCES
ESTERS
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
FUMARIC ACID
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
IODINE COMPOUNDS
LIPIDS
MAMMALS
MICE
MONOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS
NEOPLASMS
NITRATES
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
OILS
OLEIC ACID
ORGANIC ACIDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PATHOGENESIS
PETROLEUM
PETROLEUM FRACTIONS
PROMOTERS
QUINONES
RABBITS
RODENTS
SILVER COMPOUNDS
SILVER NITRATES
SKIN
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
TRIGLYCERIDES
TUMOR PROMOTERS
VERTEBRATES