Extraction of alkali metal salts from acidic solutions with crown ethers

Journal Article · Thu Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 1981 · Dokl. Chem. (Engl. Transl.); (United States)

OSTI ID:5481815

Abashkin, V M; Yakshin, V V; Laskorin, B N

Alkali metal ions have been extracted from aqueous solutions of mineral acids (HNO/sub 3/, HClO/sub 4/, and HCl) into the organic solvent dichloroethane (DCE) with the crown ether dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 (DCH-6). A study was made of the distribution of the inorganic acids in a two-phase system using a solution of DCH-6 in DCE as the extractant. Under equilibrium conditions (T = 25/sup 0/C) the order of extractability of the acids in 0.1 M DCH-6 solution was HClO/sub 4/ 0.37 > HNO/sub 3/ (0.056) > HCl (0.003), in qualitative agreement with the hydration energies of the corresponding anions. The results for the extraction of alkali metal cations from nitric acid solutions as HNO/sub 3/ increases, the distribution coefficients of the alkali metal nitrates pass through a maximum and then decrease. The order of the cations by extractability characteristic of neutral and alkaline solutions is presented regardless of the acidity: K/sup +/ > Rb/sup +/ > Cs/sup +/ > Na/sup +/ > Li/sup +/. The observable maxima of the distribution coefficients of potassium nitrate and perchlorate correspond to the maximum extraction of nitric and perchloric acids by crown ethers. The maximum extraction of the perchlorates is observed for extraction from significantly less acidic solutions. The results allow one to consider the crown ethers as effective extractants for the extraction and separation of alkali metals from acidic solutions of complex salt composition. 4 figures. (DP)

• OSTI ID: 5481815
• Journal Information: Dokl. Chem. (Engl. Transl.); (United States), Journal Name: Dokl. Chem. (Engl. Transl.); (United States) Vol. 257:4-6; ISSN DKCHA
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
400105 -- Separation Procedures
400201* -- Chemical & Physicochemical Properties
ALCOHOLS
ALKALI METALS
CESIUM
CESIUM IONS
CHARGED PARTICLES
ELEMENTS
EXTRACTION
GLYCOLS
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
INORGANIC ACIDS
IONS
LITHIUM
LITHIUM IONS
METALS
NITRIC ACID
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC POLYMERS
PERCHLORIC ACID
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS
POLYMERS
POTASSIUM
POTASSIUM IONS
RUBIDIUM
RUBIDIUM IONS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SODIUM
SODIUM IONS