Evaluation of municipal waste incinerator fly ash toxicity and the role of cadmium by two aquatic toxicity tests

Journal Article · Tue Dec 31 04:00:00 EST 1996 · Waste Management

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(96)00097-9· OSTI ID:544186

Kaneko, Hidehiro ^[1]

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1. Yamanashi Univ., Kofu, Yamanashi (Japan). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Fly ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator in Japan is regulated under the hazardous waste regulation Waste under Special Control, according to the Amendment of the Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing Law, because it contains high concentrations of heavy metals which are available for leaching. To evaluate the toxicity of fly ash, a fly ash leachate was prepared according to the Japanese standard leaching procedure. The chemical analysis of the leachate showed that possibly one of the most toxic substances was cadmium. The toxicity of the leachate and the cadmium was determined by algal assay and a Daphnia acute toxicity test. The results showed that the leachate was about seven times more toxic to the growth of algae and 20 to 30 times more toxic to the survival of Daphnia than expected from its cadmium concentration. The toxicity interaction between cadmium and the other constituents in the leachate was also examined. The toxicity of cadmium showed an additive effect with the other constituents in the leachate in algal assay. In the Daphnia test, however, cadmium showed an antagonistic effect.

• OSTI ID: 544186
• Journal Information: Waste Management, Journal Name: Waste Management Journal Issue: 5-6 Vol. 16; ISSN WAMAE2; ISSN 0956-053X
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
56 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
APPLIED STUDIES
BIOASSAY
BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS
CADMIUM
FLY ASH
INCINERATORS
JAPAN
MUNICIPAL WASTES
SOLID WASTES
TOXICITY
WATER POLLUTION