Outage management in Finland

Conference · Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1987 · Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc.; (United States)

OSTI ID:5432896

Pernu, J; Vuorenmaa, A

Of the electricity generated in Finland, approx. 40% is produced by nuclear power. There are two nuclear power stations in Finland: a boiling water reactor (BWR) station in Olkiluoto operated by TVO and a pressurized water reactor (PWR) station in Loviisa operated by IVO. The main technical information and the year that commercial operation of the nuclear units began are listed. Finland has long, cold, and dark winters. The summers are pleasant with several hours of daylight. The Finns like to have their holidays during July-August, which is why the major part of the energy-intensive base industries are shut down during this period. This means that the load on the Finnish grid may vary by a factor of 3 between a cold winter morning and a warm summer day. Because of these conditions, the utilities are trying to concentrate the annual reloading outages during late spring and summer. To be able to perform the outages of all four nuclear units in a short period of low marginal production cost, huge efforts had to be made to reduce the duration of outages. This reduction could not be done at the expense of availability during winter because the costs of replacement energy in winter are very high. Both utilities have succeeded in achieving their goals. The outage times have been reduced significantly and, at the same time, the average load factor in Finland has exceeded the 85% level.

• OSTI ID: 5432896
• Report Number(s): CONF-870837-; TRN: 88-009777
• Journal Information: Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc.; (United States), Vol. 54; Conference: 13. American Nuclear Society international meeting on nuclear power plant operation, Chicago, IL, USA, 30 Aug 1987
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS
LOVIISA-1 REACTOR
AVAILABILITY
LOVIISA-2 REACTOR
OLKILUOTO REACTOR
FINLAND
OPTIMIZATION
OUTAGES
PLANNING
REACTOR MAINTENANCE
BWR TYPE REACTORS
ENRICHED URANIUM REACTORS
EUROPE
MAINTENANCE
POWER REACTORS
PWR TYPE REACTORS
REACTORS
SCANDINAVIA
THERMAL REACTORS
WATER COOLED REACTORS
WATER MODERATED REACTORS
WESTERN EUROPE
WWER TYPE REACTORS
210100* - Power Reactors
Nonbreeding
Light-Water Moderated
Boiling Water Cooled
210200 - Power Reactors
Nonbreeding
Light-Water Moderated
Nonboiling Water Cooled