Chemical synthesis under shock compression
Many reports of chemical synthesis under high pressure shock loading have been published over the past thirty years, but little progress has been made in developing an understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the observed effects. This paper discusses the current status of studies in shock-induced solid state chemistry. It is observed that it is relatively easy to initiate and control chemical reactions in shock-loaded powder materials. In solids it is well known that chemical changes are controlled by defects at all levels from atomic and microstructural to continuum. A major program to study shock-induced modification of inorganic powders provides explicit evidence for unusually large plastic deformation and resulting defect structures. Shock-modified powders also show major enhancements in solid state reactivity in post-shock experiments. Currently, two systems are found to provide a basis for studying controlled chemical synthesis. Intermetallic alloys have been found to be produced in a controlled manner from mechanical mixtures of aluminum with either nickel or titanium. Optical measurements show that a strong chemical reaction is induced on a 100 nanosecond time scale in such aluminum-nickel mixtures under shock compression. The nonferrous metal oxide-ferric oxide system is another promising chemical system in which mixtures of zinc oxide and ferric oxide readily form a zinc-deficient zinc ferrite. Shock-induced chemical synthesis appears to provide a significant opportunity for the synthesis of new materials. Study of chemical effects associated with shock loading provides a new probe of shock-compression processes and current descriptions of the conditions under which they can occur suggest that chemical effects may be ubiquitous in fully dense materials encountered in shock compression studies. 45 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.
- Research Organization:
- Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (USA); North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh (USA); Colorado School of Mines, Golden (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC04-76DP00789
- OSTI ID:
- 5426835
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-85-0366C; CONF-850736-39; ON: DE85015166
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
360100* -- Metals & Alloys
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
400201 -- Chemical & Physicochemical Properties
ALLOYS
ALUMINIUM
CHALCOGENIDES
COMPRESSION
ELEMENTS
FERRIMAGNETIC MATERIALS
FERRITES
INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS
IRON COMPOUNDS
IRON OXIDES
MAGNETIC MATERIALS
MATERIALS
METALS
NICKEL
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POWDERS
SHOCK WAVES
SOLIDS
SYNTHESIS
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
ZINC COMPOUNDS
ZINC OXIDES