The crystallography and hydrogen content of lead oxides and sulphates

Journal Article · Mon Oct 01 04:00:00 EDT 1984 · Proc. - Electrochem. Soc.; (United States)

OSTI ID:5320063

Hill, R J; Jessel, A M; Madsen, I C

Neutron and X-ray powder diffraction studies have been performed on samples of PbO/sub 2/, PbSO/sub 4/ and Pb from the positive and negative plates of lead-acid batteries subjected to extensive periods of simulated electric vehicle service corresponding to distances of up to 31,800 km. The results indicate that the crystal structures, stoichiometry and unit cell parameters of all phases are independent of the length of service and/or rate of discharge experienced by the batteries. The Pb atom in ..cap alpha..-PbO/sub 2/ is significantly disordered in battery samples but, with this one exception, the refined parameters of all four of the phases are statistically indistinguishable from chemically prepared varieties. The crystallinity and hydrogen content of the samples vary significantly, depending on the method of preparation and subsequent treatment, but neither property correlates with the crystal structure parameters or electrochemical activity. Battery failure is associated with grid corrosion, loss of particle contact and an increase in the size of the ..beta..-PbO/sub 2/ in the positive plates, and with mossing and a decrease in the Pb particle size in the negatives.

• Research Organization: CSIRO Division of Mineral Chemistry Victoria, Australia
• OSTI ID: 5320063
• Journal Information: Proc. - Electrochem. Soc.; (United States), Journal Name: Proc. - Electrochem. Soc.; (United States) Vol. 84-14; ISSN PESOD
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
250902* -- Energy Storage-- Batteries-- Performance & Testing
CHALCOGENIDES
COHERENT SCATTERING
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
DIFFRACTION
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
ELECTRIC-POWERED VEHICLES
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
ELEMENTS
HYDROGEN
LEAD COMPOUNDS
LEAD OXIDES
LEAD SULFATES
LEAD-ACID BATTERIES
NEUTRON DIFFRACTION
NONMETALS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PERFORMANCE
SCATTERING
SULFATES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
VEHICLES
X-RAY DIFFRACTION