Optics and materials research for controlled radiant energy transfer in energy efficient buildings
During 1989 all the proposed milestones have been met. In particular, the research findings lead us to conclude the following: There is no intrinsic difference between the near infrared reflectivities of lithium and sodium tungsten bronzes; rather whatever differences are observed are process-related. Films of amorphous lithium niobate and hybrids of lithium nibate and lithium aluminum borate having reproducibly high electron resistivity (> 10{sup 11} Ohm-cm) and useful lithium ion conductivity (> 5 {times} 10{sup -9}S/cm) can be deposited by rf sputtering techniques. Lithium can be reversibly inserted into films of indium oxide, at least up to changes in relative molar concentration, x = (Li)/(In), of greater than 0.3, verifying that indium oxide is likely a useful counterelectrode material for smart windows. The band gap of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO{sub 2}) is direct and approximately 2 eV. This limits its usefulness as an anodically-coloring counterelectrode layer in smart windows to smart windows which could employ such a counterelectrode layer having a thickness less than approximately 50 nm. Barrier layers could improve the electrical properties of smart windows in at least two ways: (a) prevent mobility degradation in the bottom transparent conducting layer arising from sodium ion migration from the underlying soda-lime glass substrate; and (b) prevent lithium ions from being irreversibly lost, either by leaving the window through the top transparent conductor or by reacting with tin in tin-doped indium oxide transparent conductors. Ion-beam-based-deposition processes are promising for solving scale-up problems for smart windows. 11 refs.
- Research Organization:
- Tufts Univ., Medford, MA (USA). Electro-Optics Technology Center
- Sponsoring Organization:
- DOE/CE
- DOE Contract Number:
- FG03-85SF15927
- OSTI ID:
- 5313133
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/SF/15927-T2; ON: DE90004525
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Optics and materials research for controlled radiant energy transfer in buildings
Optics and materials research for controlled radiant energy transfer in buildings. Annual project status report, January 1, 1991--December 31, 1991
Related Subjects
42 ENGINEERING
ENERGY BEAM DEPOSITION FILMS
MATERIALS TESTING
WINDOWS
REFLECTIVITY
AMORPHOUS STATE
COBALT OXIDES
DEPLETION LAYER
DOPED MATERIALS
ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
HEAT TRANSFER
INDIUM OXIDES
INFRARED SPECTRA
LITHIUM
LITHIUM COMPOUNDS
MICROSTRUCTURE
MIGRATION
OPTICAL PROPERTIES
PROGRESS REPORT
RESEARCH PROGRAMS
SODIUM IONS
SODIUM TUNGSTEN BRONZE
SPUTTERING
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS
THIN FILMS
ZINC OXIDES
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
ALKALI METALS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHARGED PARTICLES
COATINGS
COBALT COMPOUNDS
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
DOCUMENT TYPES
EFFICIENCY
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
ELEMENTS
ENERGY TRANSFER
FILMS
INDIUM COMPOUNDS
IONS
LAYERS
MATERIALS
METALS
OPENINGS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
REFRACTORY METAL COMPOUNDS
SODIUM COMPOUNDS
SODIUM OXIDES
SPECTRA
SURFACE PROPERTIES
TESTING
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS
TUNGSTEN OXIDES
ZINC COMPOUNDS
320107* - Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization- Building Systems- (1987-)
420500 - Engineering- Materials Testing