Optics and materials research for controlled radiant energy transfer in energy efficient buildings

Technical Report · Sun Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1989

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2172/5313133· OSTI ID:5313133

Goldner, R B; Haas, T E

During 1989 all the proposed milestones have been met. In particular, the research findings lead us to conclude the following: There is no intrinsic difference between the near infrared reflectivities of lithium and sodium tungsten bronzes; rather whatever differences are observed are process-related. Films of amorphous lithium niobate and hybrids of lithium nibate and lithium aluminum borate having reproducibly high electron resistivity (> 10{sup 11} Ohm-cm) and useful lithium ion conductivity (> 5 {times} 10{sup -9}S/cm) can be deposited by rf sputtering techniques. Lithium can be reversibly inserted into films of indium oxide, at least up to changes in relative molar concentration, x = (Li)/(In), of greater than 0.3, verifying that indium oxide is likely a useful counterelectrode material for smart windows. The band gap of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO{sub 2}) is direct and approximately 2 eV. This limits its usefulness as an anodically-coloring counterelectrode layer in smart windows to smart windows which could employ such a counterelectrode layer having a thickness less than approximately 50 nm. Barrier layers could improve the electrical properties of smart windows in at least two ways: (a) prevent mobility degradation in the bottom transparent conducting layer arising from sodium ion migration from the underlying soda-lime glass substrate; and (b) prevent lithium ions from being irreversibly lost, either by leaving the window through the top transparent conductor or by reacting with tin in tin-doped indium oxide transparent conductors. Ion-beam-based-deposition processes are promising for solving scale-up problems for smart windows. 11 refs.

• Research Organization: Tufts Univ., Medford, MA (USA). Electro-Optics Technology Center
• Sponsoring Organization: DOE/CE
• DOE Contract Number: FG03-85SF15927
• OSTI ID: 5313133
• Report Number(s): DOE/SF/15927-T2; ON: DE90004525
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
320107* -- Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization-- Building Systems-- (1987-)
42 ENGINEERING
420500 -- Engineering-- Materials Testing
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
ALKALI METALS
AMORPHOUS STATE
CHALCOGENIDES
CHARGED PARTICLES
COATINGS
COBALT COMPOUNDS
COBALT OXIDES
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
DEPLETION LAYER
DOCUMENT TYPES
DOPED MATERIALS
EFFICIENCY
ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
ELEMENTS
ENERGY BEAM DEPOSITION FILMS
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
ENERGY TRANSFER
FILMS
HEAT TRANSFER
INDIUM COMPOUNDS
INDIUM OXIDES
INFRARED SPECTRA
IONS
LAYERS
LITHIUM
LITHIUM COMPOUNDS
MATERIALS
MATERIALS TESTING
METALS
MICROSTRUCTURE
MIGRATION
OPENINGS
OPTICAL PROPERTIES
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
PROGRESS REPORT
REFLECTIVITY
REFRACTORY METAL COMPOUNDS
RESEARCH PROGRAMS
SODIUM COMPOUNDS
SODIUM IONS
SODIUM OXIDES
SODIUM TUNGSTEN BRONZE
SPECTRA
SPUTTERING
SURFACE PROPERTIES
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS
TESTING
THIN FILMS
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS
TUNGSTEN OXIDES
WINDOWS
ZINC COMPOUNDS
ZINC OXIDES